Elsevier

Developmental Biology

Volume 350, Issue 1, 1 February 2011, Pages 13-23
Developmental Biology

APOBEC2, a selective inhibitor of TGFβ signaling, regulates left–right axis specification during early embryogenesis

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.09.016Get rights and content
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Abstract

The specification of left–right asymmetry is an evolutionarily conserved developmental process in vertebrates. The interplay between two TGFβ ligands, Derrière/GDF1 and Xnr1/Nodal, together with inhibitors such as Lefty and Coco/Cerl2, have been shown to provide the signals that lead to the establishment of laterality. However, molecular events leading to and following these signals remain mostly unknown. We find that APOBEC2, a member of the cytidine deaminase family of DNA/RNA editing enzymes, is induced by TGFβ signaling, and that its activity is necessary to specify the left–right axis in Xenopus and zebrafish embryos. Surprisingly, we find that APOBEC2 selectively inhibits Derrière, but not Xnr1, signaling. The inhibitory effect is conserved, as APOBEC2 blocks TGFβ signaling, and promotes muscle differentiation, in a mammalian myoblastic cell line. This demonstrates for the first time that a putative RNA/DNA editing enzyme regulates TGFβ signaling and plays a major role in development.

Keywords

APOBEC2
Left–right
Muscle
TGFβ
Xenopus

Cited by (0)

1

Present address: Columbia University Medical Center, Departments of Dermatology and Genetics and Development, Russ Berrie Medical Pavilion, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave., New York, NY 10032, USA.