Public HealthCYANIDE EXPOSURE IN FIRES
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Cited by (100)
Evaluation of interactions in chemical mixtures containing cyanides
2022, Regulatory Toxicology and PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Domestic fires cause approximately 80% of fire-related deaths (Stec, 2017). As nitrogen-containing polymers (e.g., silk and wool) and synthetic materials (e.g., polyurethane and polyacrylonitrile) in home furnishings burn, they can release cyanide-containing compounds (Symington et al., 1978; Jones et al., 1987). Asphyxiants (i.e., carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide) cause most fire-related deaths (Giebultowicz et al., 2017; Stec, 2017).
Cyanide concentrations in blood and tissues of fire victims
2019, Legal MedicineCitation Excerpt :There were five fire cases in which blood CN concentrations were within physiological range. Such finding was reported previously and the plausible explanation is the different characteristics of fire incidents [8,11,21]. Concentration of CN in RHB did not express the significant correlation with CO-Hb and MetHb concentrations as being reported previously [11].
A review of rapid and field-portable analytical techniques for the diagnosis of cyanide exposure
2017, Analytica Chimica ActaCitation Excerpt :Yearly, there are 23,000 smoke inhalation victims (∼16,000 are from home fires), and 5000–10,000 of those cases are lethal [44,45]. Multiple studies performed during the 1970s and 1980s indicate that a high percentage (i.e., 30–90%) of smoke inhalation victims, civilians as well as fire rescue personnel, present with potentially lethal blood cyanide concentrations [42,43,46–48]. Paris and Dallas County smoke inhalation studies revealed elevated blood cyanide levels in the smoke inhalation group; the average blood cyanide concentration of survivors was near 21 μmol L−1, with fatal cases averaging around 100 μmol L−1 [42,43].
Initial evaluation and management of the critical burn patient
2016, Medicina IntensivaAssessment of carboxyhemoglobin, hydrogen cyanide and methemoglobin in fire victims: A novel approach
2015, Forensic Science InternationalA disposable blood cyanide sensor
2013, Analytica Chimica ActaCitation Excerpt :Whole blood cyanide levels in 12 healthy nonsmokers, ranged from 0.4 to 1.8 μM (Fig. 5). Baseline blood cyanide concentrations, determined by completely unrelated methods reportedly range from 0.13 to 2.9 μM for nonsmokers [52,53] and 0.27 to 6.8 μM for smokers [53,54]; our data are well within this norm. Liberation of a volatile analyte from a sample in a closed environment which incorporates a relatively long path optical sensor represents a uniquely useful configuration that automatically provides matrix isolation and is inexpensively implemented.