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Re-assessment of risk factors for sporadic Salmonella serotype Enteritidis infections: a case-control study in five FoodNet Sites, 2002–2003

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 June 2006

R. MARCUS
Affiliation:
Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, New Haven, CT, USA
J. K. VARMA
Affiliation:
Epidemic Intelligence Service, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
C. MEDUS
Affiliation:
Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
E. J. BOOTHE
Affiliation:
Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN, USA
B. J. ANDERSON
Affiliation:
New York Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
T. CRUME
Affiliation:
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
K. E. FULLERTON
Affiliation:
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA
M. R. MOORE
Affiliation:
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
P. L. WHITE
Affiliation:
Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA, Omaha, NE, USA
E. LYSZKOWICZ
Affiliation:
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
A. C. VOETSCH
Affiliation:
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
F. J. ANGULO
Affiliation:
Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract

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Active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE) infection revealed a decline in incidence in the 1990s, followed by an increase starting in 2000. We sought to determine if the fluctuation in SE incidence could be explained by changes in foodborne sources of infection. We conducted a population-based case-control study of sporadic SE infection in five of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites during a 12-month period in 2002–2003. A total of 218 cases and 742 controls were enrolled. Sixty-seven (31%) of the 218 case-patients and six (1%) of the 742 controls reported travel outside the United States during the 5 days before the case's illness onset (OR 53, 95% CI 23–125). Eighty-one percent of cases with SE phage type 4 travelled internationally. Among persons who did not travel internationally, eating chicken prepared outside the home and undercooked eggs inside the home were associated with SE infections. Contact with birds and reptiles was also associated with SE infections. This study supports the findings of previous case-control studies and identifies risk factors associated with specific phage types and molecular subtypes.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2006 Cambridge University Press