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Increasing Rate of Diabetes in Pregnancy Among American Indian and White Mothers in Montana and North Dakota, 1989–2000

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Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess trends in diabetes in pregnancy in American Indian and whites mothers in Montana and North Dakota. Methods: Montana and North Dakota birth records were utilized to assess trends in any diabetes in pregnancy in American Indians and whites from 1989 to 2000. Results: From 1989 through 2000, there were 133,991 and 102,232 births in Montana and North Dakota, respectively. The majority of mothers were American Indian (11%) or white (87%). The rate of any diabetes in pregnancy increased significantly in Montana Indian (3.1–4.1%, p = 0.04) and white mothers (1.8–2.6%, p < 0.001) from 1989–1991 to 1998–2000. The rate also increased significantly in white North Dakota mothers (1.6–3.2%, p < 0.001), but the increase in rate for Indian mothers in North Dakota did not reach statistical significance (3.8–4.8%, p=0.06) during this time period. In each time period, Montana and North Dakota Indian mothers were more likely than white mothers to have any diabetes in pregnancy. Conclusions: The rate of diabetes in pregnancy has increased in American Indian and white mothers. Thus public health programs are now facing an increasing number of women with a history of GDM at future risk of type 2 diabetes and an increasing number of offspring of diabetic pregnancies at risk for becoming overweight and developing type 2 diabetes at a young age.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. North Dakota Diabetes Prevention and Control Program, North Dakota Department of Health, Bismarck, North Dakota

    Kathleen R. Moum, Sherri L. Parsons & Sandra D. Adams

  2. Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota

    Gregory S. Holzman & Steven D. Helgerson

  3. Montana Diabetes Project, Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, Helena, Montana

    Todd S. Harwell, Carrie S. Oser, Michael R. Spence, Steven D. Helgerson & Dorothy Gohdes

Authors
  1. Kathleen R. Moum
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  2. Gregory S. Holzman
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  3. Todd S. Harwell
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  4. Sherri L. Parsons
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  5. Sandra D. Adams
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  6. Carrie S. Oser
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  7. Michael R. Spence
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  8. Steven D. Helgerson
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  9. Dorothy Gohdes
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Correspondence to Todd S. Harwell.

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Moum, K.R., Holzman, G.S., Harwell, T.S. et al. Increasing Rate of Diabetes in Pregnancy Among American Indian and White Mothers in Montana and North Dakota, 1989–2000. Matern Child Health J 8, 71–76 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MACI.0000025729.65328.73

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MACI.0000025729.65328.73

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