The Extrinsic Affective Simon Task
Abstract
Abstract. A modified version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is described that is based on a comparison of performance on trials within a single task rather than on a comparison of performance on different tasks. In two experiments, participants saw white words that needed to be classified on the basis of stimulus valence and colored words that were to be classified on the basis of color. On trials where the colored word referred to a positive target concept (e.g., “flowers,” “self”), performance was superior when the correct response was the response that was also assigned to positive white words. The reverse was true on trials where the colored word represented a negative target concept (e.g., “insect”). This variant of the IAT is less susceptible to nonassociative effects of task recoding and can be used to assess single and multiple attitudes.
References
(2001). Affective priming with liked and disliked persons: Prime visibility determines congruency and incongruency effects. Cognition and Emotion, 15, 501– 520
(1990). IBM PC/XT/AT and PS/2 Turbo Pascal timing with extended resolution. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 22, 332– 334
(2001). How do indirect measures of evaluation work? Evaluating the inference of prejudice in the Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 760– 773
A structural analysis of indirect measures of attitudes. In J. Musch & K. C. Klauer (Eds.), The psychology of evaluation: Affective processes in cognition and emotion. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
(in press)(2002). The Implicit Association Test as a tool for studying dysfunctional associations in psychopathology: Strengths and limitations. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 33, 115– 133
(2001). A structural and process analysis of the Implicit Association Test. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 443– 451
(2001). On the generality of the affective Simon effect. Cognition and Emotion, 15, 189– 206
(1998). An affective variant of the Simon paradigm. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 45– 61
(2002). The Implicit Association Test as a general measure of similarity. Manuscript in preparation.
(2002). Implicit self-esteem and social anxiety: Differential self-positivity effects in high and low anxious individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 501– 508
(1986). How do attitudes guide behavior? In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition. (Vol. 1, 204– 243 New York: Guilford Press.
Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use. Annual Review of Psychology,
(in press)(1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 229– 238
(2002). Unresolved problems with the “I”, the “A” and the “T”: Logical and psychometric critique of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Manuscript submitted for publication.
(2000). Using the Implicit Association Test to measure self-esteem and self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 1022– 1038
(1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464– 1480
(2001). Health of the implicit association test ast age 3. Zeitschrift fur Experimentelle Psychologie, 48, 85– 93
(2001). Attitudes and the Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 774– 788
(2001). Relations among the Implicit Association Test, discriminatory behavior, and explicit measures of racial attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 435– 442
(2001). Implicit association measurement with the IAT: Evidence for effects of executive control processes. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 48, 107– 122
(2001). The go/no-go association task. Social Cognition, 19, 625– 666
(2001). Figure-ground asymmetries in the Implicit Association Test. Zeitschrift fur Experimentelle Psychologie, 48, 94– 106
(1993). Assessment, enhancement, and verification determinants of the self-evaluation process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 317– 338
(1997). Self-evaluation: To thine own self be good, to thine own self be sure, to thine own self be true, and to thine own self be better. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 29) 209– 269 New York: Academic Press..