Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

Cloning and DNA sequence of double-stranded copies of haemagglutinin genes from H2 and H3 strains elucidates antigenic shift and drift in human influenza virus

Nature volume 287, pages 301–306 (1980)Cite this article

Abstract

Double-stranded DNA copies of the RNA gene coding for thehaemagglutinin glycoproteins from human H2 and H3 pandemic strainsof influenza virus have been cloned. DNA sequence analysis provides the first reported complete nucleotide sequence of an H2 haemagglutinin gene and a partial sequence (45%) of the H3 gene. The H2 haemagglutinin gene consists of 1,773 nucleotides containing an uninterrupted coding sequence of 1,686 nucleotides specifying a protein of 562 amino acids. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of these haemagglutinins with those of other H3 and avian strains reveals theextent of sequence changes in antigenic shifts and drifts.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hirst, G. K. J. exp. Med. 75, 49–64 (1942).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Klenk, H. D., Rott, R., Orlich, M. & Blödorn, J. Virology 68, 426–439 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lazarowitz, S. G. & Choppin, P. W. Virology 68, 440–454 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Gething, M. J., White, J. M. & Waterfield, M. D. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 2737–2740 (1978).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Laver, W. G. & Kilbourne, E. D. Virology 30, 493–501 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Waterfield, M. D., Espelie, K., Eider, K. & Skehel, J. J. Br. med. Bull. 35, 57–63 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ward, C. W. & Dopheide, T. A. Br. med. Bull. 35, 51–56 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Porter, A. G. et al. Nature 282, 471–477 (1979).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Min Jou, W. et al. Cell 19, 683–696 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Both, G. W. & Sleigh, M. J. Nucleic Acids Res. 8, 2561–2575 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Verhoeyen, M. et al. Nature 286, 771–776 (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hay, A. J. et al. Devl Biol. 39, 15–24 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kilbourne, E. D. Bull. Wld Hlth Org. 41, 643 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sippel, A. E. Eur. J. Biochem. 37, 31–40 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Buell, G. N., Wickens, M. P., Payvar, F. & Schimke, R. T. J. biol. Chem. 253, 2471–2482 (1978).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sleigh, M. J., Both, G. W. & Brownlee, G. G. Nucleic Acids Res. 6, 1309–1321 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wood, K. O. & Lee, J. C. Nucleic Acids Res. 3, 1961–1971 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Roychoudhury, R., Jay, E. & Wu, R. Nucleic Acids Res. 3, 863–877 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bolivar, F. et al. Gene 2, 95–113 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Twigg, A. J. & Sharratt, D. Nature 283, 216–218 (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wickens, H. P., Buell, G. N. & Schimke, R. T. J. biol. Chem. 253, 2483–2495 (1978).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Seeburg, P. H., Shine, J., Martial, J. A., Baxter, J. D. & Goodman, H. M. Nature 270, 486–494 (1977).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Curtiss, R. III et al. in Molecular Cloning of Recombinant DNA Proc. Miami Winter Symposia, January 1977 (eds Scott, W. A. & Werner, R.) 99–111 (Academic, New York, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Grunstein, M. & Hogness, D. S. Proc. natn. Acad. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 3961–3965 (1975).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Taylor, J. M., Illmensee, R. & Summers, J. Biochim. biophys. Acta 442, 324–330 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Alwine, J. C., Kemp, D. J. & Stark, G. R. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 5350–5354 (1977).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Maniatis, T., Jeffrey, A. & Kleid, D. G. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 1184–1188 (1975).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Maxam, A. M. & Gilbert, W. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 560–564 (1977).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Skehel, L. J. & Hay, A. J. Nucleic Acids Res. 5, 1207–1219 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. McCauley, J. et al. FEBS Lett. 108, 422–426 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Air, G. M. Virology 97, 468–472 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Emtage, J. S. et al. Nature 283, 171–174 (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Roberts, T. M., Kacich, R. & Ptashne, M. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 760–764 (1979).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Laver, W. G. Virology 45, 275–288 (1971).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Choppin, P. W., Lazarowitz, S. G. & Goldberg, A. R. in Negative Strand Viruses Vol. 1 (eds Mahy, B. W. J. & Barry, R. D.) 105–119 (Academic, London, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Rott, R., Klenk, H.-D. & Scholtissek, C. in The Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin (eds Laver, W. G., Bachmayer, H. & Weil, R.) 69–81 (Springer, New York, 1978).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  37. Skehel, J. J. & Waterfield, M. D. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 93–97 (1975).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Elder, K. T., Bye, J. M., Skehel, J. J., Waterfield, M. D. & Smith, A. E. Virology 95, 343–350 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Strauss, A. W., Bennett, C. D., Donohue, A. M., Rodkey, J. A. & Alberts, A. W. J. biol. Chem. 252, 6846–6855 (1977).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Springer, T. A. & Strominger, J. L. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73, 2481–2482 (1976).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Furthmayr, H., Galardy, R. E., Tomita, M. & Marchesi, V. T. Archs Biochem. Biophys. 185, 21–29 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Orr, H. T., Lancet, D., Robb, R., Lopez de Castro, J. A. & Strominger, J. L. Nature 282, 266–270 (1979).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Flanagan, M. T. & Skehel, J. J. FEBS Lett. 80, 57–60 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Compans, R. W. Virology 55, 541–545 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Neuberger, A., Gottschalk, A., Marshall, R. O. & Spiro, R. G. in The Glycoproteins: their Composition, Structure and Function (ed. Gottschalk, A.) 450–490 (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Wiley, D. C. & Skehel, J. J. J. molec. Biol. 112, 343–347 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Brand, C. M. & Skehel, J. J. Nature new Biol. 238, 145–147 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Jackson, D. C., Dopheide, T. A., Russell, R. J., White, D. O. & Ward, C. W. Virology 93, 458–465 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Laver, W. G., Air, G. M., Dopheide, T. A. & Ward, C. W. Nature 283, 454–457 (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Laver, W. G. et al. Virology 98, 226–237 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Laver, W. G. & Webster, R. G. Br. med. Bull. 35, 29–33 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Scheller, R. H., Dickerson, R. E., Boyer, H. W., Riggs, A. D. & Itakura, K. Science 196, 177–180 (1977).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Ward, C. W. & Dopheide, T. A. A. Virology 103, 37–53 (1980).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK

    Mary-Jane Gething, Jackie Bye & Michael Waterfield

  2. Division of Virology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK

    John Skehel

Authors
  1. Mary-Jane Gething
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jackie Bye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. John Skehel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Michael Waterfield
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gething, MJ., Bye, J., Skehel, J. et al. Cloning and DNA sequence of double-stranded copies of haemagglutinin genes from H2 and H3 strains elucidates antigenic shift and drift in human influenza virus. Nature 287, 301–306 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1038/287301a0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/287301a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing