Abstract
DNA sequence analysis revealed that the biosynthetic genes of the unusual β-lactam antibiotic tabtoxin reside at the att site adjacent to the lysC tRNA gene in Pseudomonas syringae BR2. ORFs encoded within the region included ones with similarity to β-lactam synthase and clavaminic acid synthase, as well as amino acid synthesis enzymes. Novel ORFs were present in a portion of the biosynthetic region associated with a toxin hypersensitivity phenotype. Tabtoxin resistance was associated with a fragment containing a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter gene.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Durbin RD, Uchytil TF, Steel JA, Rebeiro LD . Tabtoxinine-beta-lactam from Pseudomonas tabaci. Phytochemistry 17: 147–148 ( 1978)
Levi C, Durbin RD . The isolation and properties of a tabtoxin-hydrolysing aminopeptidase from the periplasm of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 28: 345–352 ( 1986)
Sinden SL, Durbin RD . Glutamine synthetase inhibition: possible mode of action of wildfire toxin from Pseudomonas tabaci. Nature 229: 379–380 ( 1968)
Thomas MD, Durbin RD . Glutamine synthetase from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci: properties and inhibition by tabtoxinine-beta-lactam. J Gen Microbiol 131: 1061–1067 ( 1985)
Kinscherf TG, Coleman RH, Barta TM, Willis DK . Cloning and expression of the tabtoxin biosynthetic region from Pseudomonas syringae. J Bacteriol 173: 4124–4132 ( 1991)
Ditta G, Stanfield S, Corbin D, Helinski DR . Broad host range DNA cloning system for Gram-negative bacteria: construction of a gene bank of Rhizobium meliloti. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 7347–7351 ( 1980)
Arnold DL, Jackson RW, Fillingham AJ, Goss SC, Taylor JD, Mansfield JW, Vivian A . Highly conserved sequences flank avirulence genes: isolation of novel avirulence genes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi. Microbiology 147: 1171–1182 ( 2001)
Jackson RW, Athanassopoulos E, Tsiamis G, Mansfield JW, Sesma A, Arnold DL, Gibbon MJ, Murillo J, Taylor JD, Vivian A . Identification of a pathogenicity island, which contains genes for virulence and avirulence, on a large native plasmid in the bean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 10875–1080 ( 1999)
Kiewitz C, Larbig K, Klockgether J, Weinel C, Tummler B . Monitoring genome evolution ex vivo: reversible chromosomal integration of a 106 kb plasmid at two tRNA(Lys) gene loci in sequential Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway isolates. Microbiology 146 ( Pt 10): 2365–2373 ( 2000)
Klockgether J, Reva O, Larbig K, Tummler B . Sequence analysis of the mobile genome island pKLC102 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa C. J Bacteriol 186: 518–534 ( 2004)
He J, Baldini RL, Deziel E, Saucier M, Zhang Q, Liberati NT, Lee D, Urbach J, Goodman HM, Rahme LG . The broad host range pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14 carries two pathogenicity islands harboring plant and animal virulence genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 2530–2535 ( 2004)
Brussow H, Canchaya C, Hardt WD . Phages and the evolution of bacterial pathogens: from genomic rearrangements to lysogenic conversion. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68: 560–602 ( 2004)
Barta TM, Kinscherf TG, Uchytil TF, Willis DK . DNA sequence and transcriptional analysis of the tblA gene required for tabtoxin biosynthesis by Pseudomonas syringae. Appl Environ Microbiol 59: 458–466 ( 1993)
Liu L, Shaw PD . Characterization of dapB, a gene required by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci BR2.024 for lysine and tabtoxinine-beta-lactam biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 179: 507–513 ( 1997)
Engst K, Shaw PD . Identification of a lysA-like gene required for tabtoxin biosynthesis and pathogenicity in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci strain PTBR2.024. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 5: 322–329 ( 1992)
Unkefer CJ, London RE, Durbin RD, Uchytil TF, Langston-Unkefer PJ . The biosynthesis of tabtoxinine-beta-lactam. Use of specifically 13C-labeled glucose and 13C NMR spectroscopy to identify its biosynthetic precursors. J Biol Chem 262: 4994–4999 ( 1987)
McGowan SJ, Bycroft BW, Salmond GP . Bacterial production of carbapenems and clavams: evolution of beta-lactam antibiotic pathways. Trends Microbiol 6: 203–208 ( 1998)
Bachmann BO, Li R, Townsend CA . beta-Lactam synthetase: a new biosynthetic enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 9082–9086 ( 1998)
Saier MH Jr ., Beatty JT, Goffeau A, Harley KT, Heijne WH, Huang SC, Jack DL, Jahn PS, Lew K, Liu J, Pao SS, Paulsen IT, Tseng TT, Virk PS . The major facilitator superfamily. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 1: 257–279 ( 1999)
Brown NL, Shih YC, Leang C, Glendinning KJ, Hobman JL, Wilson JR . Mercury transport and resistance. Biochem Soc Trans 30: 715–718 ( 2002)
Foster TJ, Nakahara H, Weiss AA, Silver S . Transposon A-generated mutations in the mercuric resistance genes of plasmid R100-1. J Bacteriol 140: 167–181 ( 1979)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kinscherf, T., Willis, D. The Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for the β-Lactam Antibiotic Tabtoxin in Pseudomonas syringae. J Antibiot 58, 817–821 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/ja.2005.109
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ja.2005.109
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Diversity-oriented synthetic strategy for developing a chemical modulator of protein–protein interaction
Nature Communications (2016)
-
The complete 12 Mb genome and transcriptome of Nonomuraea gerenzanensis with new insights into its duplicated “magic” RNA polymerase
Scientific Reports (2016)
-
Origins of the β-lactam rings in natural products
The Journal of Antibiotics (2013)
-
Characterisation of the mgo operon in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae UMAF0158 that is required for mangotoxin production
BMC Microbiology (2012)
-
Avoidance of suicide in antibiotic-producing microbes
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2010)