Abstract
Defects in genetic and developmental processes are thought to contribute susceptibility to autism and schizophrenia. Presumably, owing to etiological complexity identifying susceptibility genes and abnormalities in the development has been difficult. However, the importance of genes within chromosomal 8p region for neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer is well established. There are 484 annotated genes located on 8p; many are most likely oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Molecular genetics and developmental studies have identified 21 genes in this region (ADRA1A, ARHGEF10, CHRNA2, CHRNA6, CHRNB3, DKK4, DPYSL2, EGR3, FGF17, FGF20, FGFR1, FZD3, LDL, NAT2, NEF3, NRG1, PCM1, PLAT, PPP3CC, SFRP1 and VMAT1/SLC18A1) that are most likely to contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder and depression), neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease) and cancer. Furthermore, at least seven nonprotein-coding RNAs (microRNAs) are located at 8p. Structural variants on 8p, such as copy number variants, microdeletions or microduplications, might also contribute to autism, schizophrenia and other human diseases including cancer. In this review, we consider the current state of evidence from cytogenetic, linkage, association, gene expression and endophenotyping studies for the role of these 8p genes in neuropsychiatric disease. We also describe how a mutation in an 8p gene (Fgf17) results in a mouse with deficits in specific components of social behavior and a reduction in its dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. We finish by discussing the biological connections of 8p with respect to neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer, despite the shortcomings of this evidence.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Fombonne E . Epidemiology of autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66: S3–S8.
Insel TR, Scolnick EM . Cure therapeutics and strategic prevention: raising the bar for mental health research. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11: 11–17.
WHO Report. 2002; http://www.who.int/healthinfo/bodestimates/en/.
Wu EQ, Birnbaum HG, Shi L, Ball DE, Kessler RC, Moulis M et al. The economic burden of schizophrenia in the United States in 2002. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66: 1122–1129.
McMahon M, Morgan S, Mitton C . The Common Drug Review: a NICE start for Canada? Health Policy 2006; 77: 339–351.
Couzin J . Science and commerce. Gene tests for psychiatric risk polarize researchers. Science 2008; 319: 274–277.
Hyman SE . Can neuroscience be integrated into the DSM-V? Nat Rev Neurosci 2007; 8: 725–732.
Jablensky A . Subtyping schizophrenia: implications for genetic research. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11: 815–836.
Burstein HJ, Schwartz RS . Molecular Origins of Cancer. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 527.
Walsh T, McClellan JM, McCarthy SE, Addington AM, Pierce SB, Cooper GM et al. Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia. Science 2008; 320: 539–543.
Belmonte MK, Cook Jr EH, Anderson GM, Rubenstein JL, Greenough WT, Beckel-Mitchener A et al. Autism as a disorder of neural information processing: directions for research and targets for therapy. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9: 646–663.
Moldin SO, Rubenstein JL, Hyman SE . Can autism speak to neuroscience? J Neurosci 2006; 26: 6893–6896.
Phillips ML, Ladouceur CD, Drevets WC . A neural model of voluntary and automatic emotion regulation: implications for understanding the pathophysiology and neurodevelopment of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13: 833–857. [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1038/mp.2008.65.
Duan X, Chang JH, Ge S, Faulkner RL, Kim JY, Kitabatake Y et al. Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 regulates integration of newly generated neurons in the adult brain. Cell 2007; 130: 1146–1158.
Harrison PJ . Schizophrenia susceptibility genes and neurodevelopment. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 61: 1119–1120.
Nusbaum C, Mikkelsen TS, Zody MC, Asakawa S, Taudien S, Garber M et al. DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 8. Nature 2006; 439: 331–335.
Hellmann I, Prüfer K, Ji H, Zody MC, Pääbo S, Ptak SE . Why do human diversity levels vary at a megabase scale? Genome Res 2005; 15: 1222–1231.
Sebat J, Lakshmi B, Troge J, Alexander J, Young J, Lundin P et al. Large-scale copy number polymorphism in the human genome. Science 2004; 305: 525–528.
Sebat J . Major changes in our DNA lead to major changes in our thinking. Nat Genet 2007; 39: S3–S5.
Korbel JO, Urban AE, Affourtit JP, Godwin B, Grubert F, Simons JF et al. Paired-end mapping reveals extensive structural variation in the human genome. Science 2007; 318: 420–426.
Frank B, Bermejo JL, Hemminki K, Sutter C, Wappenschmidt B, Meindl A et al. Copy number variant in the candidate tumor suppressor gene MTUS1 and familial breast cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28: 1442–1445.
Lee C, Morton CC . Structural Genomic Variation and Personalized Medicine. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 740–741.
Korbel JO, Urban AE, Grubert F, Du J, Royce TE, Starr P et al. Systematic prediction and validation of breakpoints associated with copy-number variants in the human genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 10110–10115.
Bennetto L, Kuschner ES, Hyman SL . Olfaction and taste processing in autism. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 62: 1015–1021.
Seckinger RA, Goudsmit N, Coleman E, Harkavy-Friedman J, Yale S, Rosenfield PJ et al. Olfactory identification and WAIS-R performance in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2004; 69: 55–65.
Strous RD, Shoenfeld Y . To smell the immune system: olfaction, autoimmunity and brain involvement. Autoimmun Rev 2006; 6: 54–60.
Wills S, Cabanlit M, Bennett J, Ashwood P, Amaral D, Van de Water J . Autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1107: 79–91.
Knight JG, Menkes DB, Highton J, Adams DD . Rationale for a trial of immunosuppressive therapy in acute schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12: 424–431.
Marshall CR, Noor A, Vincent JB, Lionel AC, Feuk L, Skaug J et al. Structural variation of chromosomes in autism spectrum disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 82: 477–488.
Groth M, Szafranski K, Taudien S, Huse K, Mueller O, Rosenstiel P et al. High-resolution mapping of the 8p23.1 beta-defensin cluster reveals strictly concordant copy number variation of all genes. Hum Mutat 2008; 29: 1247–1254. [E-pub ahead of print] doi: 10.1002/humu.20751.
Fellermann K, Stange DE, Schaeffeler E, Schmalzl H, Wehkamp J, Bevins CL et al. A chromosome 8 gene-cluster polymorphism with low human beta-defensin 2 gene copy number predisposes to Crohn disease of the colon. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 79: 439–448.
Sachidanandam R, Weissman D, Schmidt SC, Kakol JM, Stein LD, Marth G et al. International SNP Map Working Group. A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Nature 2001; 409: 928–933.
Kidd JM, Cooper GM, Donahue WF, Hayden HS, Sampas N, Graves T et al. Mapping and sequencing of structural variation from eight human genomes. Nature 2008; 453: 56–64.
MacIntyre DJ, Blackwood DH, Porteous DJ, Pickard BS, Muir WJ . Chromosomal abnormalities and mental illness. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8: 275–287.
Pulver AE, Lasseter VK, Kasch L, Wolyniec P, Nestadt G, Blouin JL et al. Schizophrenia: a genome scan targets chromosomes 3p and 8p as potential sites of susceptibility genes. Am J Med Genet 1995; 60: 252–260.
Kendler KS, MacLean CJ, O'Neill FA, Burke J, Murphy B, Duke F et al. Evidence for a schizophrenia vulnerability locus on chromosome 8p in the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: 1534–1540.
Blouin JL, Dombroski BA, Nath SK, Lasseter VK, Wolyniec PS, Nestadt G et al. Schizophrenia susceptibility loci on chromosomes 13q32 and 8p21. Nat Genet 1998; 20: 70–73.
Suarez BK, Duan J, Sanders AR, Hinrichs AL, Jin CH, Hou C et al. Genomewide linkage scan of 409 European-ancestry and African American families with schizophrenia: suggestive evidence of linkage at 8p23.3-p21.2 and 11p13.1-q14.1 in the combined sample. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78: 315–333.
Goes FS, Sanders LL, Potash JB . The genetics of psychotic bipolar disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2008; 10: 178–189.
Serretti A, Mandelli L . The genetics of bipolar disorder: genome ‘hot regions,’ genes, new potential candidates and future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13: 742–771.
Birnbaum D, Adélaïde J, Popovici C, Charafe-Jauffret E, Mozziconacci MJ, Chaffanet M . Chromosome arm 8p and cancer: a fragile hypothesis. Lancet Oncol 2003; 4: 639–642.
Ramalingam A, Duhadaway JB, Sutanto-Ward E, Wang Y, Dinchuk J, Huang M et al. Prendergast GC. Bin3 deletion causes cataracts and increased susceptibility to lymphoma during aging. Cancer Res 2008; 68: 1683–1690.
http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/res/sczgene/default.asp (last accessed 26 July 2008).
Allen NC, Bagade S, McQueen MB, Ioannidis JPA, Kavvoura FK, Khoury MJ et al. Systematic meta-analyses and field synopsis of genetic association studies in schizophrenia: the SzGene database. Nature Genetics 2008; 40: 499–506.
Bray NJ, Holmans PA, van den Bree MB, Jones L, Elliston LA, Hughes G et al. Cis- and trans-loci influence expression of the schizophrenia susceptibility gene DTNBP1. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17: 1169–1174.
Straub RE, MacLean CJ, Ma Y, Webb BT, Myakishev MV, Harris-Kerr C et al. Genome-wide scans of three independent sets of 90 Irish multiplex schizophrenia families and follow-up of selected regions in all families provides evidence for multiple susceptibility genes. Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7: 542–559.
Owen MJ, Craddock N, O'Donovan MC . Schizophrenia: genes at last? Trends Genet 2005; 21: 518–525.
Kim JJ, Mandelli L, Pae CU, De Ronchi D, Jun TY, Lee C et al. Is there protective haplotype of dysbindin gene (DTNBP1) 3 polymorphisms for major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32: 375–379.
Kas MJ, Fernandes C, Schalkwyk LC, Collier DA . Genetics of behavioural domains across the neuropsychiatric spectrum; of mice and men. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12: 324–330.
Cholfin JA, Rubenstein JL . Patterning of frontal cortex subdivisions by Fgf17. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 7652–7657.
Cholfin JA, Rubenstein JL . Genetic regulation of prefrontal cortex development and function. Novartis Found Symp 2007; 288: 165–173.
Scearce-Levie K, Roberson ED, Gerstein H, Cholfin JA, Mandiyan VS, Shah NM et al. Abnormal social behaviors in mice lacking Fgf17. Genes Brain Behav 2008; 7: 344–354.
http://www.alzforum.org/res/com/gen/alzgene/default.asp (last accessed 26 July 2008).
http://www.pdgene.org/ (last accessed 26 July 2008).
Chang TC, Mendell JT . microRNAs in vertebrate physiology and human disease. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2007; 8: 215–239.
Kim SH, Hu Y, Cadman S, Bouloux P . Diversity in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 regulation: learning from the investigation of Kallmann syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol 2008; 20: 141–163.
Kallmann FJ, Schonfeld WA, Barrerea SE . The genetic aspects of primary eunuchoidism. Am J Ment Defic 1944; 158: 203–236.
Kallmann FJ . Heredity and eugenics. Am J Psychiatry 1944; 100: 551–553.
Cowen MA, Green M . The Kallmann's syndrome variant (KSV) model of the schizophrenias. Schizophr Res 1993; 9: 1–10.
Corcoran C, Whitaker A, Coleman E, Fried J, Feldman J, Goudsmit N et al. Olfactory deficits, cognition and negative symptoms in early onset psychosis. Schizophr Res 2005; 80: 283–293.
Versiani BR, Trarbach E, Koenigkam-Santos M, Dos Santos AC, Elias LL, Moreira AC et al. Clinical assessment and molecular analysis of GnRHR and KAL1 genes in males with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007; 66: 173–179.
Vagenakis GA, Hyphantis TN, Papageorgiou C, Protonatariou A, Sgourou A, Dimopoulos PA et al. Kallmann's syndrome and schizophrenia. Int J Psychiatry Med 2004; 34: 379–390.
Papanikolaou K, Paliokosta E, Gyftodimou J, Kolaitis G, Vgenopoulou S, Sarri C et al. A case of partial trisomy of chromosome 8p associated with autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2006; 36: 705–709.
Zwaigenbaum L, Sonnenberg LK, Heshka T, Eastwood S, Xu J . A girl with pervasive developmental disorder and complex chromosome rearrangement involving 8p and 10p. J Autism Dev Disord 2005; 35: 393–399.
Tahvanainen E, Ranta S, Hirvasniemi A, Karila E, Leisti J, Sistonen P et al. The gene for a recessively inherited human childhood progressive epilepsy with mental retardation maps to the distal short arm of chromosome 8. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 7267–7270.
Ranta S, Lehesjoki AE, Hirvasniemi A, Weissenbach J, Ross B, Leal SM et al. Genetic and physical mapping of the progressive epilepsy with mental retardation (EPMR) locus on chromosome 8p. Genome Res 1996; 6: 351–360.
Fombonne E . Epidemiological surveys of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders: an update. J Autism Dev Disord 2003; 33: 365–382.
Canitano R . Epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 16: 61–66.
Hyde TM, Lewis SW . The secondary schizophrenias. In: Hirsch SR, Weinberger DR (ed). Schizophrenia. Blackwell Science Ltd: Malden, MA, 2003, pp 187–202.
Qin P, Xu H, Laursen TM, Vestergaard M, Mortensen PB . Risk for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosis among patients with epilepsy population based cohort study. BMJ 2005; 331: 23.
Sherr EH, Owen R, Albertson DG, Pinkel D, Cotter PD, Slavotinek AM et al. Genomic microarray analysis identifies candidate loci in patients with corpus callosum anomalies. Neurology 2005; 65: 1496–1498.
Dobyns WB . Absence makes the search grow longer. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 58: 7–16.
Paul LK, Brown WS, Adolphs R, Tyszka JM, Richards LJ, Mukherjee P et al. Agenesis of the corpus callosum: genetic, developmental and functional aspects of connectivity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2007; 8: 287–299.
Butler MG, Fischer W, Kibiryeva N, Bittel DC . Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis in Prader-Willi syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146: 854–860.
Dimitropoulos A, Schultz RT . Autistic-like symptomatology in Prader-Willi syndrome: a review of recent findings. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2007; 9: 159–164.
Stefan M, Claiborn KC, Stasiek E, Chai JH, Ohta T, Longnecker R et al. Genetic mapping of putative Chrna7 and Luzp2 neuronal transcriptional enhancers due to impact of a transgene-insertion and 6.8 Mb deletion in a mouse model of Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. BMC Genomics 2005; 6: 157.
Yen CC, Liang SC, Jong YJ, Chen YJ, Lin CH, Chen YM et al. Chromosomal aberrations of malignant pleural effusions of lung adenocarcinoma: different cytogenetic changes are correlated with genders and smoking habits. Lung Cancer 2007; 57: 292–301.
Shen H, Zhu Y, Wu YJ, Qiu HR, Shu YQ . Genomic alterations in lung adenocarcinomas detected by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2008; 181: 100–107.
Prentice LM, Shadeo A, Lestou VS, Miller MA, deLeeuw RJ, Makretsov N et al. NRG1 gene rearrangements in clinical breast cancer: identification of an adjacent novel amplicon associated with poor prognosis. Oncogene 2005; 24: 7281–7289.
Vecchione A, Ishii H, Shiao YH, Trapasso F, Rugge M, Tamburrino JF et al. Fez1/lzts1 alterations in gastric carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7: 1546–1552.
Hughes S, Williams RD, Webb E, Houlston RS . Meta-analysis and pooled re-analysis of copy number changes in colorectal cancer detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Anticancer Res 2006; 26: 3439–3444.
Wolff EM, Liang G, Jones PA . Mechanisms of Disease: genetic and epigenetic alterations that drive bladder cancer. Nat Clin Pract Urol 2005; 2: 502–510.
Lu T, Hano H . Identification of minimal regions of deletion at 8p23.1-22 associated with metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2007; 27: 782–790.
Catts VS, Catts SV . Apoptosis and schizophrenia: is the tumour suppressor gene, p53, a candidate susceptibility gene? Schizophr Res 2000; 41: 405–415.
Jablensky A, Lawrence D . Schizophrenia and cancer: is there a need to invoke a protective gene? Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 579–580.
Grinshpoon A, Barchana M, Ponizovsky A, Lipshitz I, Nahon D, Tal O et al. Cancer in schizophrenia: is the risk higher or lower? Schizophr Res 2005; 73: 333–341.
Lichtermann D, Ekelund J, Pukkala E, Tanskanen A, Lönnqvist J . Incidence of cancer among persons with schizophrenia and their relatives. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 573–578.
Levav I, Lipshitz I, Novikov I, Pugachova I, Kohn R, Barchana M et al. Cancer risk among parents and siblings of patients with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2007; 190: 156–161.
Catts VS, Catts SV, O'Toole BI, Frost AD . Cancer incidence in patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives—a meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2008; 117: 323–336.
Torrey EF . Prostate cancer and schizophrenia. Urology 2006; 68: 1280–1283.
Barak Y, Levy T, Achiron A, Aizenberg D . Breast cancer in women suffering from serious mental illness. Schizophr Res 2008; 102: 249–253.
Preti A . Reduced risk of cancer in schizophrenia: a role for obstetric complications? Acta Psychiatr Scand 2008; 118: 251–253; [E-pub ahead of print].
Wiznitzer M . Autism and tuberous sclerosis. J Child Neurol 2004; 19: 675–679.
Marcotte L, Crino PB . The neurobiology of the tuberous sclerosis complex. Neuromolecular Med 2006; 8: 531–546.
Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB . Increased mortality among patients admitted with major psychiatric disorders: a register-based study comparing mortality in unipolar depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 68: 899–907.
Carney CP, Jones LE . Medical comorbidity in women and men with bipolar disorders: a population-based controlled study. Psychosom Med 2006; 68: 684–691.
BarChana M, Levav I, Lipshitz I, Pugachova I, Kohn R, Weizman A et al. Enhanced cancer risk among patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2008; 108: 43–48.
Brzustowicz LM, Honer WG, Chow EW, Little D, Hogan J, Hodgkinson K et al. Linkage of familial schizophrenia to chromosome 13q32. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 65: 1096–1103.
Gurling HM, Kalsi G, Brynjolfson J, Sigmundsson T, Sherrington R, Mankoo BS et al. Genomewide genetic linkage analysis confirms the presence of susceptibility loci for schizophrenia, on chromosomes 1q32.2, 5q33.2, and 8p21-22 and provides support for linkage to schizophrenia, on chromosomes 11q23.3-24 and 20q12.1-11.23. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 68: 661–673.
Kaufmann CA, Suarez B, Malaspina D, Pepple J, Svrakic D, Markel PD et al. NIMH Genetics Initiative Millenium Schizophrenia Consortium: linkage analysis of African-American pedigrees. Am J Med Genet 1998; 81: 282–289.
Macgregor S, Visscher PM, Knott SA, Thomson P, Porteous DJ, Millar JK et al. A genome scan and follow-up study identify a bipolar disorder susceptibility locus on chromosome 1q42. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9: 1083–1090.
Badner JA, Gershon ES . Meta-analysis of whole-genome linkage scans of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7: 405–411.
Lewis CM, Levinson DF, Wise LH, DeLisi LE, Straub RE, Hovatta I et al. Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part II: Schizophrenia. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73: 34–48.
Hovatta I, Lichtermann D, Juvonen H, Suvisaari J, Terwilliger JD, Arajärvi R et al. Linkage analysis of putative schizophrenia gene candidate regions on chromosomes 3p, 5q, 6p, 8p, 20p and 22q in a population-based sampled Finnish family set. Mol Psychiatry 1998; 3: 452–457.
Kendler KS, MacLean CJ, Ma Y, O'Neill FA, Walsh D, Straub RE . Marker-to-marker linkage disequilibrium on chromosomes 5q, 6p, and 8p in Irish high-density schizophrenia pedigrees. Am J Med Genet 1999; 88: 29–33.
Chiu YF, McGrath JA, Thornquist MH, Wolyniec PS, Nestadt G, Swartz KL et al. Genetic heterogeneity in schizophrenia II: conditional analyses of affected schizophrenia sibling pairs provide evidence for an interaction between markers on chromosome 8p and 14q. Mol Psychiatry 2002; 7: 658–664.
Maziade M, Roy MA, Rouillard E, Bissonnette L, Fournier JP, Roy A et al. A search for specific and common susceptibility loci for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a linkage study in 13 target chromosomes. Mol Psychiatry 2001; 6: 684–693.
Cichon S, Schumacher J, Müller DJ, Hürter M, Windemuth C, Strauch K et al. A genome screen for genes predisposing to bipolar affective disorder detects a new susceptibility locus on 8q. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10: 2933–2944.
Ophoff RA, Escamilla MA, Service SK, Spesny M, Meshi DB, Poon W et al. Genomewide linkage disequilibrium mapping of severe bipolar disorder in a population isolate. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 71: 565–574.
Segurado R, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Levinson DF, Lewis CM, Gill M, Nurnberger Jr JI et al. Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part III: Bipolar disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73: 49–62.
Dick DM, Foroud T, Flury L, Bowman ES, Miller MJ, Rau NL et al. Genomewide linkage analyses of bipolar disorder: a new sample of 250 pedigrees from the National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73: 107–114.
Park N, Juo SH, Cheng R, Liu J, Loth JE, Lilliston B et al. Linkage analysis of psychosis in bipolar pedigrees suggests novel putative loci for bipolar disorder and shared susceptibility with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9: 1091–1099.
Walss-Bass C, Montero AP, Armas R, Dassori A, Contreras SA, Liu W et al. Linkage disequilibrium analyses in the Costa Rican population suggests discrete gene loci for schizophrenia at 8p23.1 and 8q13.3. Psychiatr Genet 2006; 16: 159–168.
Cheng R, Juo SH, Loth JE, Nee J, Iossifov I, Blumenthal R et al. Genome-wide linkage scan in a large bipolar disorder sample from the National Institute of Mental Health genetics initiative suggests putative loci for bipolar disorder, psychosis, suicide, and panic disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11: 252–260.
Zubenko GS, Maher B, Hughes III HB, Zubenko WN, Stiffler JS, Kaplan BB et al. Genome-wide linkage survey for genetic loci that influence the development of depressive disorders in families with recurrent, early-onset, major depression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2003; 123: 1–18.
Zubenko GS, Maher BS, Hughes III HB, Zubenko WN, Scott Stiffler J, Marazita ML . Genome-wide linkage survey for genetic loci that affect the risk of suicide attempts in families with recurrent, early-onset, major depression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2004; 129: 47–54.
Holmans P, Weissman MM, Zubenko GS, Scheftner WA, Crowe RR, Depaulo Jr JR et al. Genetics of recurrent early-onset major depression (GenRED): final genome scan report. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164: 248–258.
Symons FJ, Sperry LA, Dropik PL, Bodfish JW . The early development of stereotypy and self-injury: a review of research methods. J Intellect Disabil Res 2005; 49: 144–158.
Lieberman MD . Social cognitive neuroscience: a review of core processes. Annu Rev Psychol 2007; 58: 259–289.
Loo SK, Fisher SE, Francks C, Ogdie MN, MacPhie IL, Yang M et al. Genome-wide scan of reading ability in affected sibling pairs with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: unique and shared genetic effects. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9: 485–493.
Cloninger CR, Van Eerdewegh P, Goate A, Edenberg HJ, Blangero J, Hesselbrock V et al. Anxiety proneness linked to epistatic loci in genome scan of human personality traits. Am J Med Genet 1998; 81: 313–317.
Fullerton J, Cubin M, Tiwari H, Wang C, Bomhra A, Davidson S et al. Linkage analysis of extremely discordant and concordant sibling pairs identifies quantitative-trait Loci that influence variation in the human personality trait neuroticism. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 72: 879–890.
Dina C, Nemanov L, Gritsenko I, Rosolio N, Osher Y, Heresco-Levy U et al. Fine mapping of a region on chromosome 8p gives evidence for a QTL contributing to individual differences in an anxiety-related personality trait: TPQ harm avoidance. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 132: 104–108.
Ashley-Koch AE, Shao Y, Rimmler JB, Gaskell PC, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Jackson CE et al. An autosomal genomic screen for dementia in an extended Amish family. Neurosci Lett 2005; 379: 199–204.
Go RC, Perry RT, Wiener H, Bassett SS, Blacker D, Devlin B et al. Neuregulin-1 polymorphism in late onset Alzheimer's disease families with psychoses. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 139: 28–32.
Scott WK, Nance MA, Watts RL, Hubble JP, Koller WC, Lyons K et al. Complete genomic screen in Parkinson disease: evidence for multiple genes. JAMA 200; 286: 2239–2244.
Schellenberg GD, Dawson G, Sung YJ, Estes A, Munson J, Rosenthal E et al. Evidence for multiple loci from a genome scan of autism kindreds. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11: 1049–1060, 1 979.
Allen-Brady K, Miller J, Matsunami N, Stevens J, Block H, Farley M et al. A high-density SNP genome-wide linkage scan in a large autism extended pedigree. Mol Psychiatry 2008. [E-pub ahead of print] doi: 10.1038/mp.2008.14.
Spence SJ, Cantor RM, Chung L, Kim S, Geschwind DH, Alarcón M . Stratification based on language-related endophenotypes in autism: attempt to replicate reported linkage. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141: 591–598.
Kraepelin E . Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia (1919), Translated by Barclay RM, Robertson GM (ed). Robert E Krieger: New York, 1971.
Lohmueller KE, Pearce CL, Pike M, Lander ES, Hirschhorn JN . Meta-analysis of genetic association studies supports a contribution of common variants to susceptibility to common disease. Nat Genet 2003; 33: 177–182.
Touma E, Kato S, Fukui K, Koike T . Calpain-mediated cleavage of collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP)-2 during neurite degeneration in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26: 3368–3381.
Yoshimura T, Kawano Y, Arimura N, Kawabata S, Kikuchi A, Kaibuchi K . GSK-3beta regulates phosphorylation of CRMP-2 and neuronal polarity. Cell 2005; 120: 137–149.
Edgar PF, Douglas JE, Cooper GJ, Dean B, Kydd R, Faull RL . Comparative proteome analysis of the hippocampus implicates chromosome 6q in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2000; 5: 85–90.
Johnston-Wilson NL, Sims CD, Hofmann JP, Anderson L, Shore AD, Torrey EF et al. Disease-specific alterations in frontal cortex brain proteins in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. The Stanley Neuropathology Consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2000; 5: 142–149.
Beasley CL, Pennington K, Behan A, Wait R, Dunn MJ, Cotter D . Proteomic analysis of the anterior cingulate cortex in the major psychiatric disorders: Evidence for disease-associated changes. Proteomics 2006; 6: 3414–3425.
Zhao X, Tang R, Xiao Z, Shi Y, Feng G, Gu N et al. An investigation of the dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 (DPYSL2) gene in schizophrenia: genetic association study and expression analysis. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2006; 9: 705–712.
Sultana R, Boyd-Kimball D, Cai J, Pierce WM, Klein JB, Merchant M et al. Proteomics analysis of the Alzheimer's disease hippocampal proteome. J Alzheimers Dis 2007; 11: 153–164.
Lubec G, Nonaka M, Krapfenbauer K, Gratzer M, Cairns N, Fountoulakis M . Expression of the dihydropyrimidinase related protein 2 (DRP-2) in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease brain is downregulated at the mRNA and dysregulated at the protein level. J Neural Transm Suppl 1999; 57: 161–177.
Weitzdoerfer R, Fountoulakis M, Lubec G . Aberrant expression of dihydropyrimidinase related proteins-2, -3 and -4 in fetal Down syndrome brain. J Neural Transm Suppl 2001; 61: 95–107.
Nakata K, Ujike H, Sakai A, Takaki M, Imamura T, Tanaka Y et al. The human dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 gene on chromosome 8p21 is associated with paranoid-type schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 53: 571–576.
Hong LE, Wonodi I, Avila MT, Buchanan RW, McMahon RP, Mitchell BD et al. Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DRP-2) gene and association to deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 136: 8–11.
Fallin MD, Lasseter VK, Avramopoulos D, Nicodemus KK, Wolyniec PS, McGrath JA et al. Bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia: a 440-single-nucleotide polymorphism screen of 64 candidate genes among Ashkenazi Jewish case-parent trios. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77: 918–936.
Nakata K, Ujike H, Tanaka Y, Takaki M, Sakai A, Nomura A et al. No association between the dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DRP-2) gene and bipolar disorder in humans. Neurosci Lett 2003; 349: 171–174.
Ujike H, Sakai A, Nakata K, Tanaka Y, Kodaka T, Okahisa Y et al. Association study of the dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 gene and methamphetamine psychosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1074: 90–96.
Carrette O, Burgess JA, Burkhard PR, Lang C, Côte M, Rodrigo N et al. Changes of the cortex proteome and Apolipoprotein E in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's Disease. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 840: 1–9.
Bisgaard CF, Jayatissa MN, Enghild JJ, Sanchéz C, Artemychyn R, Wiborg O . Proteomic investigation of the ventral rat hippocampus links DRP-2 to escitalopram treatment resistance and SNAP to stress resilience in the chronic mild stress model of depression. J Mol Neurosci 2007; 32: 132–144.
Henderson MJ, Ward K, Simmonds HA, Duley JA, Davies PM . Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency presenting in infancy with severe developmental delay. J Inherit Metab Dis 1993; 16: 574–576.
Putman CW, Rotteveel JJ, Wevers RA, van Gennip AH, Bakkeren JA, De Abreu RA . Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency, a progressive neurological disorder? Neuropediatrics 1997; 28: 106–110.
Goulet AC, Watts G, Lord JL, Nelson MA . Profiling of selenomethionine responsive genes in colon cancer by microarray analysis. Cancer Biol Ther 2007; 6: 494–503.
Roberts DS, Raol YH, Bandyopadhyay S, Lund IV, Budreck EC, Passini MA et al. Egr3 stimulation of GABRA4 promoter activity as a mechanism for seizure-induced up-regulation of GABA(A) receptor alpha4 subunit expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 11894–11899.
Yamada K, Gerber DJ, Iwayama Y, Ohnishi T, Ohba H, Toyota T et al. Genetic analysis of the calcineurin pathway identifies members of the EGR gene family, specifically EGR3, as potential susceptibility candidates in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 2815–2820.
Mexal S, Frank M, Berger R, Adams CE, Ross RG, Freedman R et al. Differential modulation of gene expression in the NMDA postsynaptic density of schizophrenic and control smokers. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2005; 139: 317–332.
Roberts DS, Hu Y, Lund IV, Brooks-Kayal AR, Russek SJ . Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induced synthesis of early growth response factor 3 (Egr3) controls the levels of type A GABA receptor alpha 4 subunits in hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 29431–29435.
Gallitano-Mendel A, Izumi Y, Tokuda K, Zorumski CF, Howell MP, Muglia LJ et al. The immediate early gene early growth response gene 3 mediates adaptation to stress and novelty. Neuroscience 2007; 148: 633–643.
Gallitano-Mendel A, Wozniak DF, Pehek EA, Milbrandt J . Mice lacking the immediate early gene Egr3 respond to the anti-aggressive effects of clozapine yet are relatively resistant to its sedating effects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33: 1266–1275.
Suzuki T, Inoue A, Miki Y, Moriya T, Akahira J, Ishida T et al. Early growth responsive gene 3 in human breast carcinoma: a regulator of estrogen-meditated invasion and a potent prognostic factor. Endocr Relat Cancer 2007; 14: 279–292.
Dailey L, Ambrosetti D, Mansukhani A, Basilico C . Mechanisms underlying differential responses to FGF signaling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005; 16: 233–247.
Basson MA, Echevarria D, Ahn CP, Sudarov A, Joyner AL, Mason IJ et al. Specific regions within the embryonic midbrain and cerebellum require different levels of FGF signaling during development. Development 2008; 135: 889–898.
Shin DM, Korada S, Raballo R, Shashikant CS, Simeone A, Taylor JR et al. Loss of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in frontal and temporal cortex resulting from attenuation of FGFR1 signaling is associated with spontaneous hyperactivity in mice. J Neurosci 2004; 24: 2247–2258.
Satake W, Mizuta I, Suzuki S, Nakabayashi Y, Ito C, Watanabe M et al. Fibroblast growth factor 20 gene and Parkinson's disease in the Japanese population. Neuroreport 2007; 18: 937–940.
Van der Walt JM, Noureddine MA, Kittappa R, Hauser MA, Scott WK, McKay R et al. Fibroblast growth factor 20 polymorphisms and haplotypes strongly influence risk of Parkinson disease. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 74: 1121–1127.
Gao X, Scott WK, Wang G, Mayhew G, Li YJ, Vance JM et al. Gene-gene interaction between FGF20 and MAOB in Parkinson disease. Ann Hum Genet 2008; 72: 157–162.
Wang G, Van der Walt JM, Mayhew G, Li YJ, Züchner S, Scott WK et al. Variation in the miRNA-433 binding site of FGF20 confers risk for Parkinson disease by overexpression of alpha-synuclein. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 82: 283–289.
Clarimon J, Xiromerisiou G, Eerola J, Gourbali V, Hellström O, Dardiotis E et al. Lack of evidence for a genetic association between FGF20 and Parkinson's disease in Finnish and Greek patients. BMC Neurol 2005; 5: 11.
Fung HC, Scholz S, Matarin M, Simón-Sánchez J, Hernandez D, Britton A et al. Genome-wide genotyping in Parkinson's disease and neurologically normal controls: first stage analysis and public release of data. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 911–916.
Jungerius BJ, Hoogendoorn ML, Bakker SC, Van't Slot R, Bardoel AF, Ophoff RA et al. An association screen of myelin-related genes implicates the chromosome 22q11 PIK4CA gene in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 13: 1060–1068.
Murase S, McKay RD . A specific survival response in dopamine neurons at most risk in Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci 2006; 26: 9750–9760.
Grose R, Dickson C . Fibroblast growth factor signaling in tumorigenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005; 16: 179–186.
Itoh N . The Fgf families in humans, mice, and zebrafish: their evolutional processes and roles in development, metabolism, and disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30: 1819–1825.
Croce CM . Oncogenes and cancer. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 502–511.
Katoh M . Networking of WNT, FGF, Notch, BMP, and Hedgehog signaling pathways during carcinogenesis. Stem Cell Rev 2007; 3: 30–38.
Deardorff MA, Tan C, Saint-Jeannet JP, Klein PS . A role for frizzled 3 in neural crest development. Development 2001; 128: 3655–3663.
Bovolenta P, Rodriguez J, Esteve P . Frizzled/RYK mediated signalling in axon guidance. Development 2006; 133: 4399–4408.
Endo Y, Beauchamp E, Woods D, Taylor WG, Toretsky JA, Uren A et al. Wnt-3a and Dickkopf-1 stimulate neurite outgrowth in Ewing tumor cells via a Frizzled3- and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent mechanism. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28: 2368–2379.
Ryan MM, Lockstone HE, Huffaker SJ, Wayland MT, Webster MJ, Bahn S . Gene expression analysis of bipolar disorder reveals downregulation of the ubiquitin cycle and alterations in synaptic genes. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11: 965–978.
Le-Niculescu H, Kurian SM, Yehyawi N, Dike C, Patel SD, Edenberg HJ et al. Identifying blood biomarkers for mood disorders using convergent functional genomics. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 14: 156–174.
Katsu T, Ujike H, Nakano T, Tanaka Y, Nomura A, Nakata K et al. The human frizzled-3 (FZD3) gene on chromosome 8p21, a receptor gene for Wnt ligands, is associated with the susceptibility to schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2003; 353: 53–56.
Zhang Y, Yu X, Yuan Y, Ling Y, Ruan Y, Si T et al. Positive association of the human frizzled 3 (FZD3) gene haplotype with schizophrenia in Chinese Han population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2004; 129: 16–19.
Yang J, Si T, Ling Y, Ruan Y, Han Y, Wang X et al. Association study of the human FZD3 locus with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54: 1298–1301.
Ide M, Muratake T, Yamada K, Iwayama-Shigeno Y, Iwamoto K, Takao H et al. Genetic and expression analyses of FZD3 in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 56: 462–465.
Jeong SH, Joo EJ, Ahn YM, Lee KY, Kim YS . Investigation of genetic association between human Frizzled homolog 3 gene (FZD3) and schizophrenia: results in a Korean population and evidence from meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2006; 143: 1–11.
Hashimoto R, Suzuki T, Iwata N, Yamanouchi Y, Kitajima T, Kosuga A et al. Association study of the frizzled-3 (FZD3) gene with schizophrenia and mood disorders. J Neural Transm 2005; 112: 303–307.
Reif A, Melchers M, Strobel A, Jacob CP, Herterich S, Lesch KP et al. FZD3 is not a risk gene for schizophrenia: a case-control study in a Caucasian sample. J Neural Transm Suppl 2007; 72): 297–301.
Wei J, Hemmings GP . Lack of a genetic association between the frizzled-3 gene and schizophrenia in a British population. Neurosci Lett 2004; 366: 336–338.
Proitsi P, Li T, Hamilton G, Di Forti M, Collier D, Killick R et al. Positional pathway screen of wnt signaling genes in schizophrenia: association with DKK4. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 63: 13–16.
Wang Y, Thekdi N, Smallwood PM, Macke JP, Nathans J . Frizzled-3 is required for the development of major fiber tracts in the rostral CNS. J Neurosci 2002; 22: 8563–8573.
Wang Y, Zhang J, Mori S, Nathans J . Axonal growth and guidance defects in Frizzled3 knockout mice: a comparison of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging, neurofilament staining, and genetically directed cell labeling. J Neurosci 2006; 26: 355–364.
Logan CY, Nusse R . The Wnt signaling pathway in development and disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2004; 20: 781–810.
Witze ES, Litman ES, Argast GM, Moon RT, Ahn NG . Wnt5a control of cell polarity and directional movement by polarized redistribution of adhesion receptors. Science 2008; 320: 365–369.
You J, Nguyen AV, Albers CG, Lin F, Holcombe RF . Wnt pathway-related gene expression in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53: 1013–1019.
Kang G, Yue W, Zhang J, Huebner M, Zhang H, Ruan Y et al. Two-stage designs to identify the effects of SNP combinations on complex diseases. J Hum Genet 2008; 53: 739–746.
Chen Y, Zhu J, Lum PY, Yang X, Pinto S, MacNeil DJ et al. Variations in DNA elucidate molecular networks that cause disease. Nature 2008; 452: 429–435.
Edwards DA, Zhang L, Alger BE . Metaplastic control of the endocannabinoid system at inhibitory synapses in hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105: 8142–8147.
Blain JF, Aumont N, Théroux L, Dea D, Poirier J . A polymorphism in lipoprotein lipase affects the severity of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 24: 1245–1251.
Glatt SJ, Everall IP, Kremen WS, Corbeil J, Sasik R, Khanlou N et al. Comparative gene expression analysis of blood and brain provides concurrent validation of SELENBP1 up-regulation in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 15533–15538.
Baum L, Chen L, Masliah E, Chan YS, Ng HK, Pang CP . Lipoprotein lipase mutations and Alzheimer's disease. Am J Med Genet 1999; 88: 136–139.
Baum L, Wiebusch H, Pang CP . Roles for lipoprotein lipase in Alzheimer's disease: an association study. Microsc Res Tech 2000; 50: 291–296.
Papassotiropoulos A, Wollmer MA, Tsolaki M, Brunner F, Molyva D, Lütjohann D et al. A cluster of cholesterol-related genes confers susceptibility for Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66: 940–947.
Scacchi R, Gambina G, Broggio E, Moretto G, Ruggeri M, Corbo RM . The H+ allele of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) HindIII intronic polymorphism and the risk for sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2004; 367: 177–180.
Fidani L, Compton D, Hardy J, Petersen RC, Tangalos E, Mirtsou V et al. No association between the lipoprotein lipase S447X polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2002; 322: 192–194.
Fidani L, Goulas A, Crook R, Petersen RC, Tangalos E, Kotsis A et al. An association study of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqI B polymorphism with late onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2004; 357: 152–154.
Myllykangas L, Polvikoski T, Sulkava R, Verkkoniemi A, Tienari P, Niinistö L et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease: a genetic association study in a population aged 85 or over. Neurosci Lett 2000; 292: 195–198.
Martin-Rehrmann MD, Cho HS, Rebeck GW . Lack of association of two lipoprotein lipase polymorphisms with Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2002; 328: 109–112.
Retz W, Thome J, Durany N, Harsányi A, Retz-Junginger P, Kornhuber J et al. Potential genetic markers of sporadic Alzheimer's dementia. Psychiatr Genet 2001; 11: 115–122.
Smith RC, Segman RH, Golcer-Dubner T, Pavlov V, Lerer B . Allelic variation in ApoC3, ApoA5 and LPL genes and first and second generation antipsychotic effects on serum lipids in patients with schizophrenia. Pharmacogenomics J 2008; 8: 228–236.
Yamamoto K, Fukuda M, Nogawa A, Takahashi E, Miyaoka H . Decreased lipoprotein lipase as a risk factor for atypical neuroleptic-induced hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 68: 802.
Kostomarov IV, Vodolagina NN, Malygina NA, Mitina ZS . The relation between gene of lipoprotein-lipase and carrier protein of cholesterol ethers and life duration in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. Klin Med (Mosk) 2008; 86: 22–26.
Thomassen M, Tan Q, Kruse TA . Gene expression meta-analysis identifies chromosomal regions and candidate genes involved in breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 113: 239–249. [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1007/s10549-008-9927-2.
Sun Q, Zhang Y, Liu F, Zhao X, Yang X . Identification of candidate biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma through pre-cancerous expression analysis in an HBx transgenic mouse. Cancer Biol Ther 2007; 6: 1532–1538.
Gallucci M, Merola R, Leonardo C, De Carli P, Farsetti A, Sentinelli S et al. Genetic profile identification in clinically localized prostate carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2008; doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.04.008.
Saiz PA, Garcia-Portilla MP, Arango C, Morales B, Alvarez V et al. N-acetyltransferase-2 polymorphisms and schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2006; 21: 333–337.
Rocha L, Garcia C, de Mendonça A, Gil JP, Bishop DT, Lechner MC . N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) genotype and susceptibility of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacogenetics 1999; 9: 9–15.
Guo WC, Lin GF, Zha YL, Lou KJ, Ma QW, Shen JH . N-Acetyltransferase 2 gene polymorphism in a group of senile dementia patients in Shanghai suburb. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2004; 25: 1112–1127.
Bandmann O, Vaughan J, Holmans P, Marsden CD, Wood NW . Association of slow acetylator genotype for N-acetyltransferase 2 with familial Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1997; 350: 1136–1139.
Agúndez JA, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Luengo A, Molina JA, Ortí-Pareja M, Vázquez A et al. Slow allotypic variants of the NAT2 gene and susceptibility to early-onset Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1998; 51: 1587–1592.
Bandmann O, Vaughan JR, Holmans P, Marsden CD, Wood NW . Detailed genotyping demonstrates association between the slow acetylator genotype for N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and familial Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2000; 15: 30–35.
Nicholl DJ, Bennett P, Hiller L, Bonifati V, Vanacore N, Fabbrini G et al. A study of five candidate genes in Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. European Study Group on Atypical Parkinsonism. Neurology 1999; 53: 1415–1421.
Bialecka M, Gawronska-Szklarz B, Drozdzik M, Honczarenko K, Stankiewicz J . N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphism in sporadic Parkinson's disease in a Polish population. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 57: 857–862.
Maraganore DM, Farrer MJ, Hardy JA, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Rocca WA . Case-control study of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase, N-acetyltransferase 2, and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2000; 15: 714–719.
Chan DK, Lam MK, Wong R, Hung WT, Wilcken DE . Strong association between N-acetyltransferase 2 genotype and PD in Hong Kong Chinese. Neurology 2003; 60: 1002–1005.
Chaudhary S, Behari M, Dihana M, Swaminath PV, Govindappa ST, Jayaram S et al. Association of N-acetyl transferase 2 gene polymorphism and slow acetylator phenotype with young onset and late onset Parkinson's disease among Indians. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2005; 15: 731–735.
Ladero JM, Barquero MS, Coria F, Molina JA, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Benítez J . Acetylator polymorphism in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med 1993; 2: 281–283.
Nicholl DJ, Bennett P, Hiller L, Bonifati V, Vanacore N, Fabbrini G et al. A study of five candidate genes in Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. European Study Group on Atypical Parkinsonism. Neurology 1999; 53: 1415–1421.
Johnson N, Bell P, Jonovska V, Budge M, Sim E . NAT gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease: identification of a novel NAT1 allelic variant. BMC Med Genet 2004; 5: 6.
Golab-Janowska M, Honczarenko K, Gawronska-Szklarz B, Potemkowski A . The role of NAT2 gene polymorphism in aetiology of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases with dementia. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2007; 41: 388–394.
Ladero JM, Jimenez FJ, Benitez J, Fernandez-Gundin MJ, Martinez C, Llerena A et al. Acetylator polymorphism in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 37: 391–393.
Dupret JM, Longuemaux S, Lucotte G . Acetylator genotype for N-acetyltransferase 2 and Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1999; 46: 433–434.
Harhangi BS, Oostra BA, Heutink P, van Duijn CM, Hofman A, Breteler MM . N-acetyltransferase-2 polymorphism in Parkinson's disease: the Rotterdam study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999; 67: 518–520.
Igbokwe E, Ogunniyi AO, Osuntokun BO . Xenobiotic metabolism in idiopathic Parkinson's disease in Nigerian Africans. East Afr Med J 1993; 70: 807–809.
Borlak J, Reamon-Buettner SM . N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease. BMC Med Genet 2006; 7: 30.
Bialecka M, Klodowska-Duda G, Honczarenko K, Gawroñska-Szklarz B, Opala G, Safranow K et al. Polymorphisms of catechol-0-methyltransferase (COMT), monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) gene in patients with early onset of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007; 13: 224–229.
Van der Walt JM, Martin ER, Scott WK, Zhang F, Nance MA, Watts RL et al. Genetic polymorphisms of the N-acetyltransferase genes and risk of Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2003; 60: 1189–1191.
Cooper GS, Treadwell EL, Dooley MA, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS, Taylor JA . N-acetyl transferase genotypes in relation to risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2004; 31: 76–80.
Dong LM, Potter JD, White E, Ulrich CM, Cardon LR, Peters U . Genetic susceptibility to cancer: the role of polymorphisms in candidate genes. JAMA 2008; 299: 2423–2436.
Liu HE, Hsiao PY, Lee CC, Lee JA, Chen HY . NAT2*7 allele is a potential risk factor for adult brain tumors in Taiwanese population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17: 661–665.
Corfas G, Roy K, Buxbaum JD . Neuregulin 1-erbB signaling and the molecular/cellular basis of schizophrenia. Nat Neurosci 2004; 7: 575–580.
López-Bendito G, Cautinat A, Sánchez JA, Bielle F, Flames N, Garratt AN et al. Tangential neuronal migration controls axon guidance: a role for neuregulin-1 in thalamocortical axon navigation. Cell 2006; 125: 127–142.
Mei L, Xiong WC . Neuregulin 1 in neural development, synaptic plasticity and schizophrenia. Nat Rev Neurosci 2008; 9: 437–452.
McIntosh AM, Moorhead TW, Job D, Lymer GK, Muñoz Maniega S, McKirdy J et al. The effects of a neuregulin 1 variant on white matter density and integrity. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 13: 1054–1059.
Hashimoto R, Straub RE, Weickert CS, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Weinberger DR . Expression analysis of neuregulin-1 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9: 299–307.
Law AJ, Lipska BK, Weickert CS, Hyde TM, Straub RE, Hashimoto R et al. Neuregulin 1 transcripts are differentially expressed in schizophrenia and regulated by 5′ SNPs associated with the disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 6747–6752.
Chong VZ, Thompson M, Beltaifa S, Webster MJ, Law AJ, Weickert CS . Elevated neuregulin-1 and ErbB4 protein in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 2008; 100: 270–280.
Hahn CG, Wang HY, Cho DS, Talbot K, Gur RE, Berrettini WH et al. Altered neuregulin 1-erbB4 signaling contributes to NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia. Nat Med 2006; 12: 824–828.
Petryshen TL, Middleton FA, Kirby A, Aldinger KA, Purcell S, Tahl AR et al. Support for involvement of neuregulin 1 in schizophrenia pathophysiology. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10: 366–374, 328.
Zhang HX, Zhao JP, Lv LX, Li WQ, Xu L, Ouyang X et al. Explorative study on the expression of neuregulin-1 gene in peripheral blood of schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2008; 438: 1–5.
Chagnon YC, Roy MA, Bureau A, Mérette C, Maziade M . Differential RNA expression between schizophrenic patients and controls of the dystrobrevin binding protein 1 and neuregulin 1 genes in immortalized lymphocytes. Schizophr Res 2008; 100: 281–290.
Bertram I, Bernstein HG, Lendeckel U, Bukowska A, Dobrowolny H, Keilhoff G et al. Immunohistochemical evidence for impaired neuregulin-1 signaling in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and in unipolar depression. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1096: 147–156.
Green EK, Raybould R, Macgregor S, Gordon-Smith K, Heron J, Hyde S et al. Operation of the schizophrenia susceptibility gene, neuregulin 1, across traditional diagnostic boundaries to increase risk for bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 642–648.
Thomson PA, Christoforou A, Morris SW, Adie E, Pickard BS, Porteous DJ et al. Association of Neuregulin 1 with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in a second cohort from the Scottish population. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12: 94–104.
Georgieva L, Dimitrova A, Ivanov D, Nikolov I, Williams NM, Grozeva D et al. Support for Neuregulin 1 as a Susceptibility Gene for Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64: 419–427.
Cassidy F, Roche S, Claffey E, McKeon P . First family-based test for association of neuregulin with bipolar affective disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11: 706–707.
Perlis RH, Purcell S, Fagerness J, Kirby A, Petryshen TL, Fan J et al. Family-based association study of lithium-related and other candidate genes in bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008; 65: 53–61.
McInnes LA, Ouchanov L, Nakamine A, Jimenez P, Esquivel M, Fallas M et al. The NRG1 exon 11 missense variant is not associated with autism in the Central Valley of Costa Rica. BMC Psychiatry 2007; 7: 21.
Gruber O, Falkai P, Schneider-Axmann T, Schwab SG, Wagner M, Maier W . Neuregulin-1 haplotype HAP (ICE) is associated with lower hippocampal volumes in schizophrenic patients and in non-affected family members. J Psychiatr Res 2008; 43: 1–6.
Addington AM, Gornick MC, Shaw P, Seal J, Gogtay N, Greenstein D et al. Neuregulin 1 (8p12) and childhood-onset schizophrenia: susceptibility haplotypes for diagnosis and brain developmental trajectories. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12: 195–205.
Hall J, Whalley HC, Job DE, Baig BJ, McIntosh AM, Evans KL et al. A neuregulin 1 variant associated with abnormal cortical function and psychotic symptoms. Nat Neurosci 2006; 9: 1477–1478.
Walss-Bass C, Raventos H, Montero AP, Armas R, Dassori A, Contreras S et al. Association analyses of the neuregulin 1 gene with schizophrenia and manic psychosis in a Hispanic population. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 113: 314–321.
O'Tuathaigh CM, O'Connor AM, O'Sullivan GJ, Lai D, Harvey R et al. Disruption to social dyadic interactions but not emotional/anxiety-related behaviour in mice with heterozygous ‘knockout’ of the schizophrenia risk gene neuregulin-1. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32: 462–466.
Tsai MS, Shamon-Taylor LA, Mehmi I, Tang CK, Lupu R . Blockage of heregulin expression inhibits tumorigenicity and metastasis of breast cancer. Oncogene 2003; 22: 761–768.
Frensing T, Kaltschmidt C, Schmitt-John T . Characterization of a neuregulin-1 gene promoter: positive regulation of type I isoforms by NF-kappaB. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008; 1779: 139–144.
Li D, Collier DA, He L . Meta-analysis shows strong positive association of the neuregulin 1 (NRG1) gene with schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15: 1995–2002.
Munafò MR, Thiselton DL, Clark TG, Flint J . Association of the NRG1 gene and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11: 539–546.
Munafò MR, Attwood AS, Flint J . Neuregulin 1 genotype and schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34: 9–12.
Eastwood SL, Salih T, Harrison PJ . Differential expression of calcineurin A subunit mRNA isoforms during rat hippocampal and cerebellar development. Eur J Neurosci 2005; 22: 3017–3024.
Xia Z, Storm DR . The role of calmodulin as a signal integrator for synaptic plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2005; 6: 267–276.
Wu HY, Tomizawa K, Oda Y, Wei FY, Lu YF, Matsushita M et al. Critical role of calpain-mediated cleavage of calcineurin in excitotoxic neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 4929–4940.
Anantharam V, Lehrmann E, Kanthasamy A, Yang Y, Banerjee P, Becker KG et al. Microarray analysis of oxidative stress regulated genes in mesencephalic dopaminergic neuronal cells: relevance to oxidative damage in Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2007; 50: 834–847.
Eastwood SL, Burnet PW, Harrison PJ . Decreased hippocampal expression of the susceptibility gene PPP3CC and other calcineurin subunits in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 702–710.
Yamada K, Gerber DJ, Iwayama Y, Ohnishi T, Ohba H, Toyota T et al. Genetic analysis of the calcineurin pathway identifies members of the EGR gene family, specifically EGR3, as potential susceptibility candidates in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 2815–2820.
Kozlovsky N, Scarr E, Dean B, Agam G . Postmortem brain calcineurin protein levels in schizophrenia patients are not different from controls. Schizophr Res 2006; 83: 173–177.
Murata M, Tsunoda M, Sumiyoshi T, Sumiyoshi C, Matsuoka T, Suzuki M et al. Calcineurin A gamma and B gene expressions in the whole blood in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32: 1000–1004.
Gerber DJ, Hall D, Miyakawa T, Demars S, Gogos JA, Karayiorgou M et al. Evidence for association of schizophrenia with genetic variation in the 8p21.3 gene, PPP3CC, encoding the calcineurin gamma subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 8993–8998.
Horiuchi Y, Ishiguro H, Koga M, Inada T, Iwata N, Ozaki N et al. Support for association of the PPP3CC gene with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12: 891–893.
Liu YL, Fann CS, Liu CM, Chang CC, Yang WC, Hung SI et al. More evidence supports the association of PPP3CC with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12: 966–974.
Mathieu F, Miot S, Etain B, El Khoury MA, Chevalier F, Bellivier F et al. Association between the PPP3CC gene, coding for the calcineurin gamma catalytic subunit, and bipolar disorder. Behav Brain Funct 2008; 4: 2.
Kinoshita Y, Suzuki T, Ikeda M, Kitajima T, Yamanouchi Y, Inada T et al. No association with the calcineurin A gamma subunit gene (PPP3CC) haplotype to Japanese schizophrenia. J Neural Transm 2005; 112: 1255–1262.
Xi Z, Yu L, Shi Y, Zhang J, Zheng Y, He G et al. No association between PPP3CC and schizophrenia in the Chinese population. Schizophr Res 2007; 90: 357–359.
Sanders AR, Duan J, Levinson DF, Shi J, He D, Hou C et al. No significant association of 14 candidate genes with schizophrenia in a large European ancestry sample: implications for psychiatric genetics. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 497–506.
Zeng H, Chattarji S, Barbarosie M, Rondi-Reig L, Philpot BD, Miyakawa T et al. Forebrain-specific calcineurin knockout selectively impairs bidirectional synaptic plasticity and working/episodic-like memory. Cell 2001; 107: 617–629.
Miyakawa T, Leiter LM, Gerber DJ, Gainetdinov RR, Sotnikova TD, Zeng H et al. Conditional calcineurin knockout mice exhibit multiple abnormal behaviors related to schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 8987–8992.
Glinsky GV, Glinskii AB, Stephenson AJ, Hoffman RM, Gerald WL . Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2004; 113: 913–923.
Hornstein M, Hoffmann MJ, Alexa A, Yamanaka M, Müller M, Jung V et al. Protein phosphatase and TRAIL receptor genes as new candidate tumor genes on chromosome 8p in prostate cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2008; 5: 123–136.
Leroux-Nicollet I, Costentin J . Transient expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter during development in the rat thalamus and cortex. Neurosci Lett 1998; 248: 167–170.
Verney C, Lebrand C, Gaspar P . Changing distribution of monoaminergic markers in the developing human cerebral cortex with special emphasis on the serotonin transporter. Anat Rec 2002; 267: 87–93.
Eells JB . The control of dopamine neuron development, function and survival: insights from transgenic mice and the relevance to human disease. Curr Med Chem 2003; 10: 857–870.
Bly M . Mutation in the vesicular monoamine gene, SLC18A1, associated with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2005; 78: 337–338.
Richards M, Iijima Y, Kondo H, Shizuno T, Hori H, Arima K et al. Associationstudy of the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1) gene with schizophrenia in a Japanese population. Behav Brain Funct 2006; 2: 39.
Chen SF, Chen CH, Chen JY, Wang YC, Lai IC, Liou YJ et al. Support for association of the A277C single nucleotide polymorphism in human vesicular monoamine transporter 1 gene with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2007; 90: 363–365.
Lohoff FW, Weller AE, Bloch PJ, Buono RJ, Doyle GA, Ferraro TN et al. Association between polymorphisms in the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 gene (VMAT1/SLC18A1) on chromosome 8p and schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology 2008; 57: 55–60.
Talkowski ME, Kirov G, Bamne M, Georgieva L, Torres G, Mansour H et al. A network of dopaminergic gene variations implicated as risk factors for schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17: 747–758.
Lohoff FW, Dahl JP, Ferraro TN, Arnold SE, Gallinat J, Sander T et al. Variations in the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 gene (VMAT1/SLC18A1) are associated with bipolar i disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 31: 2739–2747.
Lohoff FW, Lautenschlager M, Mohr J, Ferraro TN, Sander T, Gallinat J . Association between variation in the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 gene on chromosome 8p and anxiety-related personality traits. Neurosci Lett 2008; 434: 41–45.
Cordeiro ML, Gundersen CB, Umbach JA . Convergent effects of lithium and valproate on the expression of proteins associated with large dense core vesicles in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004; 29: 39–44.
Adegbola A, Gao H, Sommer S, Browning M . A novel mutation in JARID1C/SMCX in a patient with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146: 505–511.
Nilsson O, Jakobsen AM, Kölby L, Bernhardt P, Forssell-Aronsson E, Ahlman H . Importance of vesicle proteins in the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1014: 280–283.
Zohar AH, Dina C, Rosolio N, Osher Y, Gritsenko I, Bachner-Melman R et al. Tridimensional personality questionnaire trait of harm avoidance (anxiety proneness) is linked to a locus on chromosome 8p21. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2003; 117: 66–69.
Ressler KJ, Nemeroff CB . Role of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety disorders. Depress Anxiety 2000; 12: 2–19.
Clark DA, Arranz MJ, Mata I, Lopéz-Ilundain J, Pérez-Nievas F, Kerwin RW . Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the alpha1A-adrenoceptor gene are associated with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder in a Spanish isolate population. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 58: 435–439.
Hong CJ, Wang YC, Liu TY, Liu HC, Tsai SJ . A study of alpha-adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms and Alzheimer disease. J Neural Transm 2001; 108: 445–450.
Bolonna AA, Arranz MJ, Munro J, Osborne S, Petouni M, Martinez M et al. No influence of adrenergic receptor polymorphisms on schizophrenia and antipsychotic response. Neurosci Lett 2000; 280: 65–68.
Hsu JW, Wang YC, Lin CC, Bai YM, Chen JY, Chiu HJ et al. No evidence for association of alpha 1a adrenoceptor gene polymorphism and clozapine-induced urinary incontinence. Neuropsychobiology 2000; 42: 62–65.
Huang K, Shi Y, Tang W, Tang R, Guo S, Xu Y et al. No association found between the promoter variants of ADRA1A and schizophrenia in the Chinese population. J Psychiatr Res 2008; 42: 384–388.
Friedman JI, Adler DN, Davis KL . The role of norepinephrine in the pathophysiology of cognitive disorders: potential applications to the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 46: 1243–1252.
Knauber J, Müller WE . Decreased exploratory activity and impaired passive avoidance behaviour in mice deficient for the alpha (1b)-adrenoceptor. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2000; 10: 423–427.
Roehrborn CG, Prajsner A, Kirby R, Andersen M, Quinn S, Mallen S . A double-blind placebo-controlled study evaluating the onset of action of doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol 2005; 48: 445–452.
Hui H, Fernando MA, Heaney AP . The alpha1-adrenergic receptor antagonist doxazosin inhibits EGFR and NF-kappaB signalling to induce breast cancer cell apoptosis. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44: 160–166.
Verhoeven K, De Jonghe P, Van de Putte T, Nelis E, Zwijsen A, Verpoorten N et al. Slowed conduction and thin myelination of peripheral nerves associated with mutant rho Guanine-nucleotide exchange factor 10. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73: 926–932.
Adithi M, Venkatesan N, Kandalam M, Biswas J, Krishnakumar S . Expressions of Rac1, Tiam1 and Cdc42 in retinoblastoma. Exp Eye Res 2006; 83: 1446–1452.
Egleton RD, Brown KC, Dasgupta P . Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cancer: multiple roles in proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2008; 29: 151–158.
Faraone SV, Su J, Taylor L, Wilcox M, Van Eerdewegh P, Tsuang MT . A novel permutation testing method implicates sixteen nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes as risk factors for smoking in schizophrenia families. Hum Hered 2004; 57: 59–68.
Shi J, Hattori E, Zou H, Badner JA, Christian SL, Gershon ES et al. No evidence for association between 19 cholinergic genes and bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144: 715–723.
Blaveri E, Kalsi G, Lawrence J, Quested D, Moorey H, Lamb G et al. Genetic association studies of schizophrenia using the 8p21-22 genes: prepronociceptin (PNOC), neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptor alpha polypeptide 2 (CHRNA2) and arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1). Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9: 469–472.
Lohoff FW, Ferraro TN, McNabb L, Schwebel C, Dahl JP, Doyle GA et al. No association between common variations in the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha2 subunit gene (CHRNA2) and bipolar I disorder. Psychiatry Res 2005; 135: 171–177.
Cook LJ, Ho LW, Wang L, Terrenoire E, Brayne C, Evans JG et al. Candidate gene association studies of genes involved in neuronal cholinergic transmission in Alzheimer's disease suggests choline acetyltransferase as a candidate deserving further study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 132: 5–8.
Li H, Wetten S, Li L, St Jean PL, Upmanyu R, Surh L et al. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms from a genomewide association study of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 45–53.
Reiman EM, Webster JA, Myers AJ, Hardy J, Dunckley T, Zismann VL et al. GAB2 alleles modify Alzheimer's risk in APOE epsilon4 carriers. Neuron 2007; 54: 713–720.
Díaz-Otero F, Quesada M, Morales-Corraliza J, Martínez-Parra C, Gómez-Garre P, Serratosa JM . Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy with a mutation in the CHRNB2 gene. Epilepsia 2008; 49: 516–520.
Russo P, Catassi A, Cesario A, Servent D . Development of novel therapeutic strategies for lung cancer: targeting the cholinergic system. Curr Med Chem 2006; 13: 3493–3512.
Paleari L, Grozio A, Cesario A, Russo P . The cholinergic system and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 18: 211–217.
Hung RJ, McKay JD, Gaborieau V, Boffetta P, Hashibe M, Zaridze D et al. A susceptibility locus for lung cancer maps to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes on 15q25. Nature 2008; 452: 633–637.
Maziade M, Roy MA, Chagnon YC, Cliche D, Fournier JP, Montgrain N et al. Shared and specific susceptibility loci for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a dense genome scan in Eastern Quebec families. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10: 486–499.
Lam DC, Girard L, Ramirez R, Chau WS, Suen WS, Sheridan S et al. Expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes in non-small-cell lung cancer reveals differences between smokers and nonsmokers. Cancer Res 2007; 67: 4638–4647.
Song P, Sekhon HS, Fu XW, Maier M, Jia Y, Duan J et al. Activated cholinergic signaling provides a target in squamous cell lung carcinoma. Cancer Res 2008; 68: 4693–4700.
Fliniaux I, Mikkola ML, Lefebvre S, Thesleff I . Identification of dkk4 as a target of Eda-A1/Edar pathway reveals an unexpected role of ectodysplasin as inhibitor of Wnt signalling in ectodermal placodes. Dev Biol 2008; 320: 60–71.
Wong YF, Cheung TH, Lo KW, Yim SF, Siu NS, Chan SC et al. Identification of molecular markers and signaling pathway in endometrial cancer in Hong Kong Chinese women by genome-wide gene expression profiling. Oncogene 2007; 26: 1971–1982.
Sato H, Suzuki H, Toyota M, Nojima M, Maruyama R, Sasaki S et al. Frequent epigenetic inactivation of DICKKOPF family genes in human gastrointestinal tumors. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28: 2459–2466.
Tochigi M, Iwamoto K, Bundo M, Sasaki T, Kato N, Kato T . Gene expression profiling of major depression and suicide in the prefrontal cortex of postmortem brains. Neurosci Res 2008; 60: 184–191.
Gaughran F, Payne J, Sedgwick PM, Cotter D, Berry M . Hippocampal FGF-2 and FGFR1 mRNA expression in major depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Brain Res Bull 2006; 70: 221–227.
Vasudevan A, Long JE, Crandall JE, Rubenstein JL, Bhide PG . Compartment-specific transcription factors orchestrate angiogenesis gradients in the embryonic brain. Nat Neurosci 2008; 11: 429–439.
Engelender S, Sharp AH, Colomer V, Tokito MK, Lanahan A, Worley P et al. Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) interacts with the p150Glued subunit of dynactin. Hum Mol Genet 1997; 6: 2205–2212.
Gurling HM, Critchley H, Datta SR, McQuillin A, Blaveri E, Thirumalai S et al. Genetic association and brain morphology studies and the chromosome 8p22 pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) gene in susceptibility to schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63: 844–854.
Huang KP, Chase AJ, Cross NC, Reiter A, Li TY, Wang TF et al. Evolutional change of karyotype with t(8;9)(p22;p24) and HLA-DR immunophenotype in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol 2008; 88: 197–201.
Shibata N, Kawarai T, Meng Y, Lee JH, Lee HS, Wakutani Y et al. Association studies between the plasmin genes and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 28: 1041–1043.
Clarimón J, Bertranpetit J, Calafell F, Boada M, Tàrraga L, Comas D . Association study between Alzheimer's disease and genes involved in Abeta biosynthesis, aggregation and degradation: suggestive results with BACE1. J Neurol 2003; 250: 956–9561.
Ducray F, Idbaih A, de Reyniès A, Bièche I, Thillet J, Mokhtari K et al. Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas with 1p19q codeletion have a proneural gene expression profile. Mol Cancer 2008; 7: 41.
Svensson A, Norrby M, Libelius R, Tågerud S . Secreted frizzled related protein 1 (Sfrp1) and Wnt signaling in innervated and denervated skeletal muscle. J Mol Histol 2008; 39: 329–337.
Takagi H, Sasaki S, Suzuki H, Toyota M, Maruyama R, Nojima M et al. Frequent epigenetic inactivation of SFRP genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2008; 43: 378–389.
Dalgin GS, Drever M, Williams T, King T, Delisi C, Liou LS . Identification of Novel Epigenetic Markers for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Urol 2008; 180: 1126–1130.
Sur M, Rubenstein JL . Patterning and plasticity of the cerebral cortex. Science 2005; 310: 805–810.
Rash BG, Grove EA . Area and layer patterning in the developing cerebral cortex. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2006; 16: 25–34.
Borello U, Cobos I, Long JE, Murre C, Rubenstein JL . FGF15 promotes neurogenesis and opposes FGF8 function during neocortical development. Neural Develop 2008; 3: 17.
Bergson C, Levenson R, Goldman-Rakic PS, Lidow MS . Dopamine receptor-interacting proteins: the Ca(2+) connection in dopamine signaling. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2003; 24: 486–492.
Strous RD, Greenbaum L, Kanyas K, Merbl Y, Horowitz A, Karni O et al. Association of the dopamine receptor interacting protein gene, NEF3, with early response to antipsychotic medication. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2007; 10: 321–333.
Hagihara A, Miyamoto K, Furuta J, Hiraoka N, Wakazono K, Seki S et al. Identification of 27 5′ CpG islands aberrantly methylated and 13 genes silenced in human pancreatic cancers. Oncogene 2004; 23: 8705–8710.
Happè F . An advanced test of theory of mind: understanding of story characters´ thoughts and feelings by able autistics, mentally handicapped and normal children and adults. J Autism Dev Disord 1994; 24: 129–154.
Brüne M, Brüne-Cohrs U . Theory of mind-evolution, ontogeny, brain mechanisms and psychopathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006; 30: 437–455.
Pinkham AE, Hopfinger JB, Pelphrey KA, Piven J, Penn DL . Neural bases for impaired social cognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2008; 99: 164–175.
Cheh MA, Millonig JH, Roselli LM, Ming X, Jacobsen E, Kamdar S et al. En2 knockout mice display neurobehavioral and neurochemical alterations relevant to autism spectrum disorder. Brain Res 2006; 1116: 166–176.
Clapcote SJ, Lipina TV, Millar JK, Mackie S, Christie S, Ogawa F et al. Behavioral phenotypes of Disc1 missense mutations in mice. Neuron 2007; 54: 387–402.
Gemelli T, Berton O, Nelson ED, Perrotti LI, Jaenisch R, Monteggia LM . Postnatal loss of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 in the forebrain is sufficient to mediate behavioral aspects of Rett syndrome in mice. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 59: 468–476.
Klejbor I, Myers JM, Hausknecht K, Corso TD, Gambino AS, Morys J et al. Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling affects development and function of dopamine neurons—inhibition results in a schizophrenia-like syndrome in transgenic mice. J Neurochem 2006; 97: 1243–1258.
Meyer-Lindenberg A, Miletich RS, Kohn PD, Esposito G, Carson RE, Quarantelli M et al. Reduced prefrontal activity predicts exaggerated striatal dopaminergic function in schizophrenia. Nat Neurosci 2002; 5: 267–271.
Swerdlow NR, Geyer MA . Using an animal model of deficient sensorimotor gating to study the pathophysiology and new treatments of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1998; 24: 285–301.
Sanchez-Pernaute R, Lee H, Patterson M, Reske-Nielsen C, Yoshizaki T, Sonntag KC et al. Parthenogenetic dopamine neurons from primate embryonic stem cells restore function in experimental Parkinson's disease. Brain 2008; 131: 2127–2139. [E-pub ahead of print] doi:10.1093/brain/awn144.
Grothe C, Timmer M . The physiological and pharmacological role of basic fibroblast growth factor in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system. Brain Res Rev 2007; 54: 80–91.
Evans SJ, Choudary PV, Neal CR, Li JZ, Vawter MP, Tomita H et al. Dysregulation of the fibroblast growth factor system in major depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 15506–15511.
Aston C, Jiang L, Sokolov BP . Transcriptional profiling reveals evidence for signaling and oligodendroglial abnormalities in the temporal cortex from patients with major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10: 309–322.
Riva MA, Molteni R, Bedogni F, Racagni G, Fumagalli F . Emerging role of the FGF system in psychiatric disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2005; 26: 228–231.
Cholfin JA, Rubenstein JL . Frontal cortex subdivision patterning is coordinately regulated by Fgf8, Fgf17, and Emx2. J Comp Neurol 2008; 509: 144–155.
Goldman-Rakic PS . The prefrontal landscape: implications of functional architecture for understanding human mentation and the central executive. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1996; 351: 1445–1453.
Heidbreder CA, Groenewegen HJ . The medial prefrontal cortex in the rat: evidence for a dorso-ventral distinction based upon functional and anatomical characteristics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2003; 27: 555–579.
Rudebeck PH, Buckley MJ, Walton ME, Rushworth MF . A role for the macaque anterior cingulate gyrus in social valuation. Science 2006; 313: 1310–1312.
Heer R, Douglas D, Mathers ME, Robson CN, Leung HY . Fibroblast growth factor 17 is over-expressed in human prostate cancer. J Pathol 2004; 204: 578–586.
Abate-Shen C, Shen MM . FGF signaling in prostate tumorigenesis—new insights into epithelial-stromal interactions. Cancer Cell 2007; 12: 495–497.
Sahadevan K, Darby S, Leung HY, Mathers ME, Robson CN, Gnanapragasam VJ . Selective over-expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 4 in clinical prostate cancer. J Pathol 2007; 213: 82–90.
Chase A, Grand FH, Cross NC . Activity of TKI258 against primary cells and cell lines with FGFR1 fusion genes associated with the 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome. Blood 2007; 110: 3729–3734.
Pennisi E . Breakthrough of the year. Human genetic variation. Science 2007; 318: 1842–1843.
Sklar P, Smoller JW, Fan J, Ferreira MA, Perlis RH, Chambert K et al. Whole-genome association study of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13: 558–569.
Estivill X, Armengol L . Copy number variants and common disorders: filling the gaps and exploring complexity in genome-wide association studies. PLoS Genet 2007; 3: 1787–1799.
Park JK, Lee HJ, Kim JW, Park YH, Lee SS, Chang HI et al. Differences in p53 gene polymorphisms between Korean schizophrenia and lung cancer patients. Schizophr Res 2004; 67: 71–74.
Cui DH, Jiang KD, Jiang SD, Xu YF, Yao H . The tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli gene is associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10: 669–677.
Numata S, Ueno S, Iga J, Yamauchi K, Hongwei S, Hashimoto R et al. TGFBR2 gene expression and genetic association with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2008; 42: 425–432.
Hainaut P, Hollstein M . p53 and human cancer: the first ten thousand mutations. Adv Cancer Res 2000; 77: 81–137.
Hollstein M, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B, Harris CC . p53 mutations in human cancers. Science 1991; 253: 49–53.
Kastan M . Wild-type p53: tumors can't stand it. Cell 2007; 128: 837–840.
Plummer NW, Gallione CJ, Srinivasan S, Zawistowski JS, Louis DN, Marchuk DA . Loss of p53 sensitizes mice with a mutation in Ccm1 (KRIT1) to development of cerebral vascular malformations. Am J Pathol 2004; 165: 1509–1518.
Yoon H, Liyanarachchi S, Wright FA, Davuluri R, Lockman JC, de la Chapelle A et al. Gene expression profiling of isogenic cells with different TP53 gene dosage reveals numerous genes that are affected by TP53 dosage and identifies CSPG2 as a direct target of p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 15632–15637.
Chiu HJ, Wang YC, Chen JY, Hong CJ, Tsai SJ . Association study of the p53-gene Pro72Arg polymorphism in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2001; 105: 279–283.
Papiol S, Arias B, Barrantes-Vidal N, Guitart M, Salgado P, Catalán R et al. Analysis of polymorphisms at the tumor suppressor gene p53 (TP53) in contributing to the risk for schizophrenia and its associated neurocognitive deficits. Neurosci Lett 2004; 363: 78–80.
Yang Y, Xiao Z, Chen W, Sang H, Guan Y, Peng Y et al. Tumor suppressor gene TP53 is genetically associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2004; 369: 126–131.
Ni X, Trakalo J, Valente J, Azevedo MH, Pato MT, Pato CN et al. Human p53 tumor suppressor gene (TP53) and schizophrenia: case-control and family studies. Neurosci Lett 2005; 388: 173–178.
Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Escámez T, Martínez-Giménez JA, Balanzá V, Salazar J, Selva G et al. Variations in genes regulating neuronal migration predict reduced prefrontal cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar subjects from mediterranean Spain: a preliminary study. Neuroscience 2006; 139: 1289–1300.
Cully M, You H, Levine AJ, Mak TW . Beyond PTEN mutations: the PI3K pathway as an integrator of multiple inputs during tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2006; 6: 184–192.
van Diepen MT, Eickholt BJ . Function of PTEN during the formation and maintenance of neuronal circuits in the brain. Dev Neurosci 2008; 30: 59–64.
Avogaro A, de Kreutzenberg SV, Fadini GP . Oxidative stress and vascular disease in diabetes: is the dichotomization of insulin signaling still valid? Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44: 1209–1215.
Thiselton DL, Vladimirov VI, Kuo PH, McClay J, Wormley B, Fanous A et al. AKT1 is associated with schizophrenia across multiple symptom dimensions in the Irish study of high-density schizophrenia families. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 63: 449–457.
Tamguney T, Stokoe D . New insights into PTEN. J Cell Sci 2007; 120: 4071–4079.
Haas-Kogan D, Stokoe D . PTEN in brain tumors. Expert Rev Neurother 2008; 8: 599–610.
Asher G, Lotem J, Kama R, Sachs L, Shaul Y . NQO1 stabilizes p53 through a distinct pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 3099–3104.
Fagerholm R, Hofstetter B, Tommiska J, Aaltonen K, Vrtel R, Syrjäkoski K et al. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 NQO1*2 genotype (P187S) is a strong prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer. Nat Genet 2008; 40: 844–853.
Pae CU, Yu HS, Kim JJ, Lee CU, Lee SJ, Jun TY et al. Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene polymorphism (609C/T) may be associated with tardive dyskinesia, but not with the development of schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2004; 7: 495–500.
Liou YJ, Wang YC, Lin CC, Bai YM, Lai IC, Liao DL et al. Association analysis of NAD(P)Hratioquinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) Pro187Ser genetic polymorphism and tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia in Taiwan. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2005; 8: 483–486.
Hori H, Shinkai T, Matsumoto C, Ohmori O, Nakamura J . No association between a functional NAD (P)H: quinone oxidoreductase gene polymorphism (Pro187Ser) and tardive dyskinesia. Neuromolecular Med 2006; 8: 375–380.
Usadel H, Brabender J, Danenberg KD, Jerónimo C, Harden S, Engles J et al. Quantitative adenomatous polyposis coli promoter methylation analysis in tumor tissue, serum, and plasma DNA of patients with lung cancer. Cancer Res 2002; 62: 371–375.
Harder J, Opitz OG, Brabender J, Olschewski M, Blum HE, Nomoto S et al. Quantitative promoter methylation analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhotic and normal liver. Int J Cancer 2008; 122: 2800–2804.
Akiyama T . Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2000; 11: 273–282.
Harrison PJ, Law AJ . Neuregulin 1 and schizophrenia: genetics, gene expression, and neurobiology. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60: 132–140.
Britsch S . The neuregulin-I/ErbB signaling system in development and disease. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 2007; 190: 1–65.
Huang HE, Chin SF, Ginestier C, Bardou VJ, Adélaïde J, Iyer NG et al. A recurrent chromosome breakpoint in breast cancer at the NRG1/neuregulin 1/heregulin gene. Cancer Res 2004; 64: 6840–6844.
Pole JC, Courtay-Cahen C, Garcia MJ, Blood KA, Cooke SL, Alsop AE et al. High-resolution analysis of chromosome rearrangements on 8p in breast, colon and pancreatic cancer reveals a complex pattern of loss, gain and translocation. Oncogene 2006; 25: 5693–5706.
Tan W, Wang Y, Gold B, Chen J, Dean M, Harrison PJ et al. Molecular cloning of a brain-specific, developmentally regulated neuregulin 1 (NRG1) isoform and identification of a functional promoter variant associated with schizophrenia. J Biol Chem 2007; 282: 24343–24351.
Law AJ, Lipska BK, Weickert CS, Hyde TM, Straub RE, Hashimoto R et al. Neuregulin 1 transcripts are differentially expressed in schizophrenia and regulated by 5′ SNPs associated with the disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103: 6747–6752.
Kanakry CG, Li Z, Nakai Y, Sei Y, Weinberger DR . Neuregulin-1 regulates cell adhesion via an ErbB2/phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt-dependent pathway: potential implications for schizophrenia and cancer. PLoS ONE 2007; 2: 1369.
Esteller M . Epigenetics in cancer. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1148–1159.
Viswanathan SR, Daley GQ, Gregory RI . Selective blockade of microRNA processing by Lin28. Science 2008; 320: 97–100.
Lujambio A, Ropero S, Ballestar E, Fraga MF, Cerrato C, Setién F et al. Genetic unmasking of an epigenetically silenced microRNA in human cancer cells. Cancer Res 2007; 67: 1424–1429.
Garzon R, Volinia S, Liu CG, Fernandez-Cymering C, Palumbo T, Pichiorri F et al. MicroRNA signatures associated with cytogenetics and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2008; 111: 3183–3189.
Silber J, Lim DA, Petritsch C, Persson AI, Maunakea AK, Yu M et al. miR-124 and miR-137 inhibit proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme cells and induce differentiation of brain tumor stem cells. BMC Med 2008; 6: 14.
Meng F, Henson R, Lang M, Wehbe H, Maheshwari S, Mendell JT et al. Involvement of human micro-RNA in growth and response to chemotherapy in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Gastroenterology 2006; 130: 2113–2129.
Marcucci G, Radmacher MD, Maharry K, Mrózek K, Ruppert AS, Paschka P et al. MicroRNA expression in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1919–1928.
Li H, Yamagata T, Mori M, Yasuhara A, Momoi MY . Mutation analysis of methyl-CpG binding protein family genes in autistic patients. Brain Dev 2005; 27: 321–325.
Shibayama A, Cook Jr EH, Feng J, Glanzmann C, Yan J, Craddock N et al. MECP2 structural and 3′-UTR variants in schizophrenia, autism and other psychiatric diseases: a possible association with autism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2004; 128: 50–53.
Nagarajan RP, Hogart AR, Gwye Y, Martin MR, LaSalle JM . Reduced MeCP2 expression is frequent in autism frontal cortex and correlates with aberrant MECP2 promoter methylation. Epigenetics 2006; 1: 1–11.
Amir RE, Van den Veyver IB, Wan M, Tran CQ, Francke U, Zoghbi HY . Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in X-linked MECP2, encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2. Nat Genet 1999; 23: 185–188.
http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk/ (last accessed 26 July 2008).
Sutcliffe JS . Genetics. Insights into the pathogenesis of autism. Science 2008; 321: 208–209.
Perkins DO, Jeffries C, Sullivan P . Expanding the ‘central dogma’: the regulatory role of nonprotein coding genes and implications for the genetic liability to schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10: 69–78.
Rogaev EI . Small RNAs in human brain development and disorders. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2005; 70: 1404–1407.
Perkins DO, Jeffries CD, Jarskog LF, Thomson JM, Woods K, Newman MA et al. microRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Genome Biol 2007; 8: R27.
Hansen T, Olsen L, Lindow M, Jakobsen KD, Ullum H, Jonsson E et al. Brain expressed microRNAs implicated in schizophrenia etiology. PLoS ONE 2007; 2: 873.
Beveridge NJ, Tooney PA, Carroll AP, Gardiner E, Bowden N, Scott RJ et al. Dysregulation of miRNA 181b in the temporal cortex in schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17: 1156–1168.
Stark KL, Xu B, Bagchi A, Lai WS, Liu H, Hsu R et al. Altered brain microRNA biogenesis contributes to phenotypic deficits in a 22q11-deletion mouse model. Nat Genet 2008; 40: 751–760.
Lin SL, Chang SJ, Ying SY . First in vivo evidence of microRNA-induced fragile X mental retardation syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11: 616–617.
Nomura T, Kimura M, Horii T, Morita S, Soejima H, Kudo S et al. MeCP2-dependent repression of an imprinted miR-184 released by depolarization. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17: 1192–1199.
Abu-Elneel K, Liu T, Gazzaniga FS, Nishimura Y, Wall DP, Geschwind DH et al. Heterogeneous dysregulation of microRNAs across the autism spectrum. Neurogenetics 2008; 9: 153–161.
Todd JA . Statistical false positive or true disease pathway? Nat Genet 2006; 38: 731–733.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by grants from the following: Spanish FIS-MSC Grant PI051293, the Spanish Ministry of Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERSAM and Fundación Alicia Koplowitz to RTS; and from Nina Ireland and NIMH R37MH49428-16 to JLRR. We thank Teresa Escámez, Juan Antonio Martínez-Giménez, Vicent Balanzá-Martínez, Salvador Martínez, Eduard Vieta and Manuel Gómez-Beneyto for their helpful advice on previous versions of the manuscript and for their excellent technical assistance.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Molecular Psychiatry website (http://www.nature.com/mp)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Rubenstein, J. Chromosome 8p as a potential hub for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders: implications for schizophrenia, autism and cancer. Mol Psychiatry 14, 563–589 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.2
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
CYP2C19-rs4986893 confers risk to major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder in the Han Chinese population whereas ABCB1-rs1045642 acts as a protective factor
BMC Psychiatry (2023)
-
A novel genotype-phenotype between persistent-cloaca-related VACTERL and mutations of 8p23 and 12q23.1
Pediatric Research (2023)
-
Risk and mortality of testicular cancer in patients with neurodevelopmental or other psychiatric disorders
British Journal of Cancer (2023)
-
Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Serum L1CAM-Captured Extracellular Vesicles Reveals Neural and Glycosylation Changes in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience (2022)
-
Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) modulates susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress in mice
Molecular Neurobiology (2021)
