Abstract
Transmembrane α-helices in integral membrane proteins are recognized co-translationally and inserted into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum by the Sec61 translocon. A full quantitative description of this phenomenon, linking amino acid sequence to membrane insertion efficiency, is still lacking. Here, using in vitro translation of a model protein in the presence of dog pancreas rough microsomes to analyse a large number of systematically designed hydrophobic segments, we present a quantitative analysis of the position-dependent contribution of all 20 amino acids to membrane insertion efficiency, as well as of the effects of transmembrane segment length and flanking amino acids. The emerging picture of translocon-mediated transmembrane helix assembly is simple, with the critical sequence characteristics mirroring the physical properties of the lipid bilayer.
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Acknowledgements
We thank E. Missioux for technical assistance, and A. Elofsson and E. Lindahl for discussions. This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, the Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Cancer Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and the European Commission (BioSapiens) to G.v.H., the Magnus Bergvall Foundation to I.N., the National Institute of General Medical Sciences to S.H.W., the Swiss National Science Foundation to M.L.-B., and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to Y.S.
Author Contributions T.H. and N.M.M.-B. performed the experimental work together with H.K., Y.S., M.L.-B. and I.N. A.B. performed the computational work. T.H., N.M.M.-B., A.B., S.H.W. and G.v.H. prepared the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.
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Hessa, T., Meindl-Beinker, N., Bernsel, A. et al. Molecular code for transmembrane-helix recognition by the Sec61 translocon. Nature 450, 1026–1030 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06387
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06387
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