Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1D (LGMD1D) was linked to chromosome 7q36 over a decade ago1, but its genetic cause has remained elusive. Here we studied nine LGMD-affected families from Finland, the United States and Italy and identified four dominant missense mutations leading to p.Phe93Leu or p.Phe89Ile changes in the ubiquitously expressed co-chaperone DNAJB6. Functional testing in vivo showed that the mutations have a dominant toxic effect mediated specifically by the cytoplasmic isoform of DNAJB6. In vitro studies demonstrated that the mutations increase the half-life of DNAJB6, extending this effect to the wild-type protein, and reduce its protective anti-aggregation effect. Further, we show that DNAJB6 interacts with members of the CASA complex, including the myofibrillar myopathy–causing protein BAG3. Our data identify the genetic cause of LGMD1D, suggest that its pathogenesis is mediated by defective chaperone function and highlight how mutations in a ubiquitously expressed gene can exert effects in a tissue-, isoform- and cellular compartment–specific manner.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Folkhälsan Research Foundation (504; B.U.), the Academy of Finland (138491; B.U.), the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation (23816; B.U.), the Liv och Hälsa Foundation (LoH G017; B.U.), Helsinki Graduate School in Biotechnology and Molecular Biology (J.S.), the Alfred Kordelin Foundation (J.S.), the Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus Foundation (RF 2007 convenzione 41; G.T., E.R.), the American Heart Association (AHA MAA spring 2011 #11POST7160006; C.G.), the Duke Perinatal and Neonatal Research Institute (N.K.), the National Institutes of Health (UL1 RR024128-01; N.K., M.H., and R01HD042601-10; C.G.) and the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA4090, MDA2010; M.H.). N.K. is supported by a Distinguished Brumley Professorship. We thank O. Carpén (Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki) for the myotilin antibody; A. Nørremølle (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen) for the pEGFP/HD-120Q construct; C. Patterson (School of Medicine, University of North Carolina) for the STUB1 construct; M. Sarparanta (Laboratory of Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki) for rat muscle tissue samples; and M. Soininen, M. Ritala and A. Evilä for technical assistance. Confocal microscopy was carried out with instruments of the Biomedicum Imaging Unit, University of Helsinki, and electron microscopy at the Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki.
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J.S., P.H.J., C.G., M.H., N.K. and B.U. wrote the paper, and all authors approved and commented on it. B.U., S.S., J.M.S., J.P., G.T., E.R. and I.M. recruited and evaluated patients. H.L., S.L., K.M., S.P. and P.H. performed the genetic analyses. M.S. and P.H. performed the transcript analysis. C.G., H.L., K.M. and J.S. made the plasmid constructs. C.G. performed the zebrafish studies and protein stability assays. O.R., S.H., A.V. and J.S. performed microscopy of patient muscle samples. S.H. performed electron microscopy. J.S., P.H.J. and H.L. performed the filter trap assay, oligomerization and CASA interaction studies.
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Sarparanta, J., Jonson, P., Golzio, C. et al. Mutations affecting the cytoplasmic functions of the co-chaperone DNAJB6 cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Nat Genet 44, 450–455 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.1103
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.1103
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