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Type VII secretion — mycobacteria show the way

Nature Reviews Microbiology volume 5, pages 883–891 (2007)Cite this article

Abstract

Recent evidence shows that mycobacteria have developed novel and specialized secretion systems for the transport of extracellular proteins across their hydrophobic, and highly impermeable, cell wall. Strikingly, mycobacterial genomes encode up to five of these transport systems. Two of these systems, ESX-1 and ESX-5, are involved in virulence — they both affect the cell-to-cell migration of pathogenic mycobacteria. Here, we discuss this novel secretion pathway and consider variants that are present in various Gram-positive bacteria. Given the unique composition of this secretion system, and its general importance, we propose that, in line with the accepted nomenclature, it should be called type VII secretion.

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Figure 1: Schematic representation of the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Figure 2: Genes involved in the ESX-1 secretion system.
Figure 3: Structure of the ESAT-6–CFP-10 dimer.
Figure 4: Working model for the ESX-1 secretion system.
Figure 5: Comparison of different gene clusters that encode type VII or type VIIb secretion systems.

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Author notes

  1. Nicolaas C. Gey van Pittius is at the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, US/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ben J. Appelmelk and Wilbert Bitter are at the Department of Medical Microbiology, Abdallah M. Abdallah, Christina M. J. E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, VU medical centre, Amsterdam 1081BT, The Netherlands.,

    Abdallah M. Abdallah, Christina M. J. E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls, Ben J. Appelmelk & Wilbert Bitter

  2. Patricia A. DiGiuseppe Champion and Jeffery Cox are at the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 4143-2200, USA.,

    Nicolaas C. Gey van Pittius, Patricia A. DiGiuseppe Champion & Jeffery Cox

  3. Joen Luirink is at the Department of Molecular Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands.,

    Joen Luirink

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Supplementary information

Supplementary information S1 (figure)

Partial sequence alignment of the members of the ESAT-6/WXG100 protein family in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (PDF 144 kb)

Supplementary information S2 (figure)

Proposed evolutionary scenario of mycobacteria with respect to the different Type VII secretion systems (ESX-1 to ESX-5) and the related PE and PPE gene families. (PDF 336 kb)

Supplementary information S3 (table)

Experimental evidence for the presence of the ESX gene cluster regions in the mycobacteria. (PDF 83 kb)

Supplementary information S4 (table)

Liquorice all sorts: the diverse roles of ESX-1 secretion and its substrates in mycobacteria (PDF 92 kb)

Related links

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DATABASES

Entrez Genome Project

Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus subtilis

Listeria monocytogenes

Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus agalactiae

Entrez Protein

CFP-10

ESAT-6

EsxA

EsxB

Rv3616c

Rv3868

Rv3869

Rv3870

Rv3871

Rv3877

Rv3881c

Rv3883c

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Abdallah, A., Gey van Pittius, N., DiGiuseppe Champion, P. et al. Type VII secretion — mycobacteria show the way. Nat Rev Microbiol 5, 883–891 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1773

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