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Socio-demographic differences in food habits and preferences of school adolescents in Jiangsu Province, China

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 59, pages 1439–1448 (2005)Cite this article

Abstract

Objective:

To identify the differences in food habits and preferences among the adolescents according to socio-demographic characteristics.

Design:

Cross-sectional, cluster design survey in 2002.

Setting:

Eight middle schools in two distinct socio-economic areas of the Jiangsu province, China.

Subjects:

Some 824 young adolescents (12–14 y) attending public schools with a response rate of 99%.

Methods:

A self-administered questionnaire containing questions on food and meal frequencies, food preferences and socio-demographic characteristics was used.

Results:

High socio-economic status (SES) and urban residence was positively associated with intake of high-energy foods, such as foods of animal origin, Western style foods and dairy products. In all, 76% of the students had three meals a day regularly , but 8.1% urban students vs 3.4% rural students had breakfast only 1–3 times per week or less often. Daily fruit consumption was fairly common, but with clear differences by SES. Only about 42% of the boys and 55% of the girls from low SES families ate fruit daily, compared with 66% and 72%, respectively in the high SES families. Urban boys had the lowest proportion of daily consumers of vegetables (67.0%). More urban students drank milk daily than the rural students (68.7 vs 38.5%). The frequency of milk drinking also showed a strong positive association with SES. About 10% of the high SES boys consumed hamburgers daily compared with 2.8% of the low SES boys. More than half of the students reported a liking for Western style fast foods including hamburgers, soft drinks and chocolate. Among high SES boys, 21.5% consumed soft drinks on a daily basis; however, as many as 72.3% wanted to drink soft drinks more often if they could afford it.

Conclusions:

SES and urban location were positively associated with frequency of intake of high-energy foods. Reported food preferences may enforce this trend. Nutrition education for adolescents and parents is needed to promote healthy eating. Health Authorities should strengthen the monitoring of food intake and its association with overweight/obesity.

Sponsorship:

This study was funded by the Norwegian Directorate of Health and Social affairs under the auspices of the Norway—China Health Agreement.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the participating Regional Centres for Disease Control and Prevention in Jiangsu Province, including Zhenjiang, Xuzhou, Danyang and Tongshan Centres for their support to the data collection. We also thank Ingvild Dalen for the help in the data analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China

    Z Shi

  2. Department of General Practice and Community Medicine, Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Z Shi, B N Kumar & G Holmboe-Ottesen

  3. Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    N Lien

Authors
  1. Z Shi
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  2. N Lien
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  4. G Holmboe-Ottesen
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Correspondence to Z Shi.

Additional information

Guarantors: Z Shi and G Holmboe-Ottesen.

Contributors: ZS, NL, BNK, and GH-O contributed to the conception and design of the study. ZS collected and analysed the data, and all authors contributed to the interpretation of the data. ZS drafted the paper and NL, BNK, and GH-O commented upon and revised drafts. All authors gave their approval to the final version submitted for publication.

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Shi, Z., Lien, N., Kumar, B. et al. Socio-demographic differences in food habits and preferences of school adolescents in Jiangsu Province, China. Eur J Clin Nutr 59, 1439–1448 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602259

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602259

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