Somatic alterations of the DPC4 gene in human colorectal cancers in vivo
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Tumor models to assess immune response and tumor-microbiome interactions in colorectal cancer
2022, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCitation Excerpt :Upon binding of TGFβ to its receptor, Smad is translocated to the nucleus and modulates transcription factors (Horbelt, Denkis, & Knaus, 2012). Defects in TGFβ/Smad signaling are evident in human CRC (Eppert et al., 1996; Manning, Williams, Game, & Paraskeva, 1991; Takagi et al., 1996). To study the role of TGFβ in suppressing tumor formation, Tgfb1 null mutation on an immunodeficient background Rag2-/- strains developed non-metastatic multiple tumors in the cecum and colon (Engle et al., 1999).
Pathways of Colorectal Carcinogenesis
2020, GastroenterologyCitation Excerpt :This observation indicates the presence of colorectal tumor suppressor genes at this region. Candidates include the Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and genes that encode proteins in the transforming growth factor β (TGFB) pathway SMAD2 and SMAD4.70–72 However, mutations in these genes are rare in human colorectal tumors, and deletions of any of these genes in experimental models have not been consistently associated with colorectal tumorigenesis.
The Role of TGF-β and Its Receptors in Gastrointestinal Cancers
2019, Translational OncologyCitation Excerpt :It is mutated or lost in up to one third of all CRCs. Smad4 mutation or loss of expression has been frequently observed in late-stage tumors [125–128]. Loss of Smad4 could alter BMP signaling to promote CRC metastasis through activation of Rho and Rho-associated protein kinase [129].
Highly sensitive, non-invasive detection of colorectal cancer mutations using single molecule, third generation sequencing
2015, Applied and Translational GenomicsGenetic modification of dividing cells using episomally maintained S/MAR DNA vectors
2013, Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids