Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology

Volume 119, Issue 4, October 2000, Pages 943-948
Gastroenterology

Alimentary Tract
The effects of intestinal infusion of long-chain fatty acids on food intake in humans,☆☆

https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2000.18139Get rights and content

Abstract

Background & Aims: Dietary fat intake is related to the degree of obesity, but the specific mechanisms by which fats regulate food intake in humans are unclear. We compared food intake suppression, plasma triglyceride appearance, and cholecystokinin (CCK) response after intestinal infusion of oils enriched with C18 fatty acids of increasing unsaturation. Methods: Food intake and appetite changes after upper intestinal infusion of 0.9% saline, 20% Intralipid, and 20% emulsions of oils enriched with stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids were tested in 10 healthy male volunteers. Plasma triglyceride appearance and CCK release were tested separately in 7 additional volunteers. Results: Intralipid and linoleic acid infusions significantly reduced food intake compared with saline infusion (P < 0.05). No changes were observed in appetite ratings. There were no differences in plasma triglyceride response over the initial 75 minutes of intestinal infusion. Plasma CCK concentration increased after all lipid infusions (P < 0.001), Intralipid infusion produced the highest increase in plasma CCK (P < 0.05), and CCK response was similar between the 3 enriched oil emulsions. Conclusions: These results indicate marked differences in the ability of C18 fatty acids to reduce food intake that appear not to be related to rate of absorption but may partially be explained by CCK release.

GASTROENTEROLOGY 2000;119:943-948

Section snippets

Patients

Studies were performed on healthy men aged 18–35 years, with a body mass index of 20–25. All patients were screened before entry to the study to exclude smokers or any subjects who had reported any serious medical conditions or recent illness. Dietary restraint was assessed by using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire17; this questionnaire measures 3 factors associated with abnormal eating behavior: disinhibition (loss of control of eating and possible binging behavior), restraint (conscious

Food intake

One-way repeated ANOVA indicated a highly significant effect of infusion type on food intake (F[4,36], 5.74; P = 0.001). Student–Newman-Keuls post hoc tests revealed that food intake after Intralipid and linoleic acid infusion was significantly lower than saline condition (Figure 1).

. Test meal intake after upper intestinal infusion of saline and lipid infusions. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 compared with saline infusion.

Visual analogue scale ratings of appetite and well-being

Two-way repeated ANOVA showed no significant difference

Discussion

The results of this study show that emulsions of oils with different saturation indices, despite being isocaloric, suppress food intake in normal-weight men with markedly different potencies. The greatest reduction in test meal intake followed Intralipid infusion (225 kcal), and secondly, by linoleic acid infusion (153 kcal). These results support previous findings from animal studies12 and suggest that the properties of oils containing C18 long-chain fatty acids, differing only in the degree

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Gareth Evans and Prof. Wolfgang Langhans for their critical review of the manuscript.

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    Supported by a research grant from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (to S.J.F).

    ☆☆

    Address requests for reprints to: Stephen J. French, Ph.D., Centre for Human Nutrition, University of Sheffield, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield, S5 7AU, England.

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