Basic-alimentary tractMapping of gluten T-cell epitopes in the bread wheat ancestors: Implications for celiac disease
Section snippets
Collection of the grain samples
Accessions of Triticum urartu (n = 40), Triticum monococcum (n = 15), Triticum tauschii (n = 9), Ae speltoides (n = 3), Triticum dicoccoides (n = 4), Triticum dicoccum (n = 3), and Triticum durum (n = 10) were collected. Some T urartu accessions had low grain numbers and were thus pooled. (Data on the individual accessions can be provided on request.)
Deletion mutants of the Chinese Spring bread wheat cultivar
Three ditelosomic lines that lack the short arm of chromosomes 6A (Dt 6 AL), 6B (Dt 6 BL), and 6D (Dt 6 DL) and 5 deletion mutants (6AS-1, 6BS-1,
Screening the AA, BB, and DD genome wheat species with intestinal T-cell clones
Gluten from selected samples of the AA donor (T urartu No. 2), the potential BB donor (Ae speltoideus No. 1), and the DD donor (T tauschii No. 1) were treated with TG2 and tested for recognition by 14 different celiac lesion-derived T-cell clones specific for 3 α-gliadin epitopes and 5 γ-gliadin epitopes (Table 1 and Figure 2, upper panel).
The DD genome donor expresses all the gluten T-cell epitopes
The gluten digests of all the nine T tauschii accessions were efficiently recognized by all the α- and γ-gliadin specific T-cell clones (data not shown),
Discussion
Here, we describe how insights into the evolution of the modern bread wheat can be combined with knowledge on celiac disease pathogenesis in an integrated approach to identify wheat strains that are devoid of or have low contents of T-cell stimulatory gluten sequences. We have extracted the gluten fraction from selected samples of the diploid wheat species that are the origin of the bread wheat and tested for recognition by a panel of celiac lesion-derived, gluten-specific T cells. Our main
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Supported by research grants from the Research Council of Norway (132864/300), the European Commission (BMH4-CT98-3087, QLKT-2000-00657), and the Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation.