Relative validation of a beverage frequency questionnaire in children ages 6 months through 5 years using 3-day food and beverage diaries☆
Section snippets
Subjects
Children whose intakes are reported herein are participants in the Iowa Fluoride Study (IFS), a longitudinal study designed to quantify fluoride exposures from both dietary and nondietary sources and to associate longitudinal fluoride exposure with dental fluorosis ([11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18]). Mothers of newborns were recruited with informed consent from 8 Iowa hospital postpartum units between 1992 and 1995; 1,368 mothers completed 3 months of the IFS, and approximately
Results
Demographic characteristics of the 240 subjects and their parents at the time of enrollment (ie, birth) are provided in Table 1.Parents were well educated and affluent at the time their children were born. The racial distribution was similar to the minority distribution of Iowa. Demographic characteristics of subjects selected for this study were similar to the cohort from which they were drawn ([11], [12]).
Mean daily beverage intakes and correlations between intakes estimated from the
Discussion
Food frequency questionnaires have been used successfully to estimate energy and nutrient intakes. However, their use in estimating specific food or beverage intakes has not been widely studied. The results of our study suggest that a quantitative beverage frequency questionnaire provides useful data about consumption of individual beverages and intakes of calcium and vitamin D compared with a 3-day food and beverage diary.
Few investigators have reported the relative validity of food frequency
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This study was supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01-DE09551 and R01-DE12101) and the General Clinical Research Centers Program (RR00059).