BasicāAlimentary TractAdrenergic Stimulation Mediates Visceral Hypersensitivity to Colorectal Distension Following Heterotypic Chronic Stress
Section snippets
Animals
We used 6- to 10-week-old male Wistar rats housed at 22Ā°C with a 12-hour light/dark cycle. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at University of Texas Medical Branch approved all procedures performed on animals.
Heterotypic Chronic Stress Protocol
Rats were subjected to 9 consecutive days of a heterotypic stress protocol comprised of 3 randomly arranged stressors, 60 minutes of water avoidance stress, 45 minutes of cold restraint stress at 4Ā°C, or 20 minutes of forced swimming stress, as described previously.5 Control
Chronic Stress-Induced Visceral Hypersensitivity Is Associated With Increase in Excitability of Colon-Specific Thoracolumbar DRG Neurons
We found that 9-day HeCS significantly increases the visceromoter response to graded CRD at pressures of 40, 50, 60, and 80 mmHg, compared to prestressed baseline response (Figure 1A) (n = 14 rats). The increase in visceromoter response persists for at least 8 hours after the last stressor, but it returns to basal levels 24-hours post-HeCS. By contrast, 9-day sham stress in age-matched control rats had no significant effect on the visceromoter response to CRD (Figure 1B) at 8 and 24 hours (n =
Discussion
Our findings show that HeCS induces visceral hypersensitivity to CRD that lasts for at least 8 hours, but it returns to baseline by 24 hours. Choudhury et al5 found that HeCS induces colonic circular smooth muscle hyperreactivity to acetylcholine, which also lasts for about 8 hours and returns to baseline by 24 hours. We found that adrenergic stimulation mediates induction of visceral hypersensitivity by HeCS. The blockade of Ī±1/Ī±2- and Ī²1/Ī²2-adrenergic receptors before the daily application of
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2019, PhytomedicineCitation Excerpt :Visceral hypersensitivity is recognized as the primary risk for occurrence and development of IBS. Heterotypic intermittent chronic stress (HIS) could induce visceral hypersensitivity to CRD stimulus in rats and the rat model has been largely shown to be reproducible and stable (Winston et al., 2010). The visceral pain was assessed using abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) and pain threshold intensity of CRD as quantitative measurements (Ness and Gebhart, 1988).
Repeated transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of nonspecific acupoints of the upper body attenuates stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats
2019, Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and ClinicalCitation Excerpt :Stress is known to play a major role in the development of IBS (Konturek et al., 2011). Heterotypic intermittent stress (HIS) consists of both physical and psychological stressors and is used to study stress-induced VH in animals (Winston et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2014). Rats subjected to HIS exhibit no injury or robust inflammation in the colon, but do show noticeable visceromotor responses to colorectal distention compared with controls.
Epigenetic Modulation of Visceral Pain
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Conflicts of interest The authors disclose no conflicts.