Journal of Biological Chemistry
Volume 277, Issue 45, 8 November 2002, Pages 42711-42718
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MECHANISMS OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Two Plant Inositol Polyphosphate 6-/3-/5-Kinases*

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Despite the high deposition of inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), also known as phytate or phytin, in certain plant tissues little is known at the molecular level about the pathway(s) involved in its production. In budding yeast, IP6 synthesis occurs through the sequential phosphorylation of I(1,4,5)P3 by two gene products, Ipk2 and Ipk1, a IP3/IP4 dual-specificity 6-/3-kinase and an inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase, respectively. Here we report the identification and characterization of two inositol polyphosphate kinases from Arabidopsis thaliana, designated AtIpk2α and AtIpk2β that are encoded by distinct genes on chromosome 5 and that are ubiquitously expressed in mature tissue. The primary structures of AtIpk2α and AtIpk2β are 70% identical to each other and 12–18% identical to Ipk2s from yeast and mammals. Similar to yeast Ipk2, purified recombinant AtIpk2α and AtIpk2β have 6-/3-kinase activities that sequentially phosphorylate I(1,4,5)P3 to generate I(1,3,4,5,6)P5 predominantly via an I(1,4,5,6)P4 intermediate. While I(1,3,4,5)P4is a substrate for the plant Ipk2s, it does not appear to be a detectable product of the IP3 reaction. Additionally, we report that the plant and yeast Ipk2 have a novel 5-kinase activity toward I(1,3,4,6)P4 and I(1,2,3,4,6)P5, which would allow these proteins to participate in at least two proposed pathways in the synthesis of IP6. Heterologous expression of either plant isoform in an ipk2 mutant yeast strain restores IP4 and IP5 production in vivo and rescues its temperature-sensitive growth defects. Collectively our results provide a molecular basis for the synthesis of higher inositol polyphosphates in plants through multiple routes and indicate that the 6-/3-/5-kinase activities found in plant extracts may be encoded by the IPK2 gene class.

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Published, JBC Papers in Press, September 10, 2002, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M209112200

*

This work was supported by funds from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and from the National Institutes of Health R01 grant HL-55672.The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

The nucleotide sequence(s) reported in this paper has been submitted to the GenBank™/EBI Data Bank with accession number(s) AY147935 and AY147936.