Journal of Biological Chemistry
Volume 279, Issue 38, 17 September 2004, Pages 39677-39685
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Metabolism and Bioenergetics
Distinct Intracellular Localization of Gpd1p and Gpd2p, the Two Yeast Isoforms of NAD+-dependent Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase, Explains Their Different Contributions to Redox-driven Glycerol Production*

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During anaerobiosis Saccharomyces cerevisiae strongly increases glycerol production to provide for non-respiratory oxidation of NADH to NAD+. We here report that respiratory-deficient cells become strictly dependent on the Gpd2p isoform of the NAD+-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpd). The growth inhibition of respiratory incompetent cox18Δ cells lacking GPD2 is reversed by the addition of acetoin, an alternative sink for NADH oxidation. Growth is also restored by addition of lysine or glutamic acid/glutamine, the synthesis of which involves production of mitochondrial NADH. Lysine produced a stronger growth stimulating effect than glutamic acid consistent with an upregulated expression of the IDP3 gene for peroxisomal synthesis of the glutamate precursor α-ketoglutarate. Gpd2p is known to be a cytosolic protein but possesses a classical mitochondrial presequence, which we show is sufficient for mitochondrial targeting. A partial mitochondrial localization of Gpd2p will provide for establishment of intramitochondrial redox balance under non-respiratory conditions. Gpd1p, the other Gpd isoform, is partly cytosolic and partly peroxisomal and becomes more strictly peroxisomal in respiratory-deficient mutants. The different cellular distribution of Gpd1p and Gpd2p thus appears to be the main reason Gpd1p cannot substitute for Gpd2p in cox18Δgpd2Δ cells, despite similar kinetic characteristics of the two iso-enzymes.

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This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.