Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
ARTICLESFamily Discord, Parental Depression, and Psychopathology in Offspring: Ten-Year Follow-up
Section snippets
SAMPLE
Subjects were parents and their offspring who participated in a 10-year follow-up study of offspring at high and low risk for depression. An extensive description of the design and sample assessment has been published elsewhere (Weissman et al., 1982, Weissman et al., 1986, Weissman et al., 1987, Weissman et al., 1997). The depressed parents (probands) originally were selected from a treatment setting at the Yale University Depression Research Unit. The normal control subjects came from a 1975
Family Discord in Offspring by Parental Depression Status
Of the 182 offspring, 96 were boys and 86 were girls. The mean age at time 10 was 27.7 years. There were no significant differences in the age and sex distribution of offspring and social class by parents’ diagnostic status. Compared with offspring of nondepressed parents, offspring of depressed were more likely to be exposed to poor marital adjustment (OR = 13.1, p = .004), low family cohesion (OR = 2.2, p = .03), parental divorce (OR = 5.5, p = .01), and affectionless control (OR = 2.4, p =
DISCUSSION
Our findings at the 10-year follow-up were consistent with findings at the 2-year follow-up (Fendrich et al., 1990). However, the magnitude of the association was even stronger at the 10-year follow-up. This might be due to the older age of the offspring at time 10 (mean age 28 versus 18 years) and the fact that sufficient time had elapsed to capture the full emergence of MDD and substance use disorder in offspring. These 10-year finding also suggest that the effects of both family discord and
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Accepted October 16, 2001.
This research was supported by NIMH grant MH36197 (Dr. Weissman).