Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
ARTICLESSpecifying PDD-NOS: A Comparison of PDD-NOS, Asperger Syndrome, and Autism
Section snippets
PDD-NOS and ADHD
Barkley (1990) reported that it is common for children with PDD-NOS to be initially given a diagnosis of ADHD. Jensen et al. (1997) reported that 74% of the children in their study diagnosed with PDD-NOS were originally diagnosed with ADHD. Another study showed that children with PDD-NOS and ADHD did not differ with respect to total number of autistic symptoms, general psychopathology, or attention difficulties (Luteijn et al., 2000). This overlap may be because some early signs of ADHD and
Participants
Two hundred seventy children participating in a genetic study of the ASDs and diagnosed using a consensus best-estimate method were included in this study. Families with one or more child affected by PDD as well as singleton families were included. Participants were recruited from across Ontario through a regional diagnostic center for PDD, through physicians and other health care professionals who referred children to this center, and through parent support groups. Further participants were
Comparison on Level of Functioning
The mean scores of each group with respect to level of functioning are shown in Table 1 (A). An omnibus one-way ANOVA was performed initially to investigate differences between the three groups as a whole. There were significant differences between the groups on each measure. Therefore, follow-up analysis compared the PDD-NOS group to the AS group and autism group, respectively, using the LSD method. No differences were observed between the PDD-NOS and AS groups on any variable measuring level
DISCUSSION
The objective of this paper was to explore how expert clinicians use the DSM-IV criteria of PDD-NOS. This was not a study of the diagnostic “validity” of the category, since the clinical differences observed between this group and the children with autism and AS depended critically on how the groups were defined in the first place. We hoped that by carefully characterizing children given this diagnosis, it might be possible to derive more precise criteria for PDD-NOS so that the reliability of
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This project was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Dr. Szatmari was supported by an award from CIHR; Drs. Goldberg and Zwaigenbaum were supported by fellowship awards from the Ontario Mental Health Foundation.
The authors thank the parents and children in the study for their continued participation and support.