Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Behaviors in Delinquent Youth With Psychiatric Disorders: A Longitudinal Study
Section snippets
Sampling and Consent Procedures
Data are from the Northwestern Juvenile Project. 4, 10, 17 We recruited a stratified random sample of 1,829 youths who were arrested between November 20, 1995, and June 14, 1998, and detained at the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center (CCJTDC) in Chicago, IL, before the final disposition of their case. Consistent with juvenile detainees nationwide, nearly 90% of detainees at CCJTDC were male and most were racial/ethnic minorities. To ensure adequate representation of key subgroups,
Results
Prevalence of HIV/STI Risk Behaviors at Baseline and Follow-up
Table 1 compares differences in the prevalence of HIV/STI risk behaviors at baseline and at follow-up in the four diagnostic groups.
Overall, 70.3% (MMD) to 98.3% (SUD) of youths were sexually active at baseline, and 73.5% (MMD) to 98.6% (SUD) were sexually active at follow-up. Among youths with MMD, the prevalence of all risky behaviors was not significantly different from baseline to follow-up. Among youths with SUD, significantly
Discussion
Three years after their detention, delinquent youths, irrespective of diagnostic group, had high prevalence rates of many HIV/STI sexual risk behaviors. One fourth to one half of youths reported engaging in unprotected vaginal sex at baseline and follow-up interviews. At baseline, more than two fifths of the sample reported engaging in sex while drunk or high, and almost two thirds of the sample reported this behavior at the follow-up interview.
Our findings are difficult to compare with those
References (55)
- et al.
HIV-risk behaviors in adolescent substance abusers
J Subst Abuse Treat
(1999) - et al.
Multiple substance use disorders in juvenile detainees
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(2004) - et al.
Developmental relationships between adolescent substance use and risky sexual behavior in young adulthood
J Adolesc Health
(2002) - et al.
Relationship between number of sexual intercourse partners and selected health risk behaviors among public high school adolescents
J Adolesc Health
(1999) - et al.
Validity of self-reported drug use among injection drug users and crack cocaine users recruited through street outreach
Eval Program Plann
(1994) - et al.
The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 (DISC-2.3): description, acceptability, prevalence rates, and performance in the MECA Study
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
(1996) - et al.
The association of sexual risk behaviors and problem drug behaviors in high school students
J Adolesc Health
(1997) The moderating effects of peers substance use on the family structure-adolescent substance use association: quantity versus quality of parenting
Addict Behav
(2005)- et al.
Depressive symptoms as a predictor of sexual risk among African American adolescents and young adults
J Adolesc Health
(2006) - et al.
Differentiation of early adolescent predictors of drug use versus abuse: a developmental risk-factor model
J Subst Abuse
(1991)
Young People at Risk: HIV/STI Among America's Youth, 2000
Cases of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and dependent areas, 2005
HIV AIDS Surveill Rep
HIV Infection in Adolescents and Young Adults in the U.S
HIV and AIDS risk behaviors in juvenile detainees: implications for public health policy
Am J Public Health
Resident Population, by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age: 2000 to 2005, Table 14
Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement Databook
Major mental disorders, substance use disorders, comorbidity, and HIV-AIDS risk behaviors in juvenile detainees
Psychiatr Serv
Patterns of sexual risk behaviors and psychiatric disorders in a community sample of young adults
J Behav Med
Psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention
Arch Gen Psychiatry
Depressive symptoms as a longitudinal predictor of sexual risk behaviors among US middle and high school students
Pediatrics
The influence of mental health problems on AIDS-related risk behaviors in young adults
J Nerv Ment Dis
Heterosexual risk behavior in at-risk young men from early adolescence to young adulthood: prevalence prediction, and STD contraction
Dev Psychol
The interrelationship between substance use and precocious transitions to adult statuses
J Health Soc Behav
Comorbid psychiatric disorders in youth in juvenile detention
Arch Gen Psychiatry
Tattoos and body piercings as indicators of adolescent risk-taking behaviors
Pediatrics
Sexually transmitted diseases including human immunodeficiency virus infection
Drug use, needle sharing, and HIV risk among injection drug-using street youth
Subst Use Misuse
Cited by (52)
Unpacking the Layers: Dismantling Inequities in Substance Use Services and Outcomes for Racially Minoritized Adolescents
2022, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :American Indian youth also have disproportionate arrest rates relative to White youth but rates among Latinx youth are not uniformly reported and therefore unknown.33 Juvenile justice system contact is associated with a variety of adverse public health outcomes, such as substance use,34–36 psychiatric symptoms,36–38 sexual risk behavior,34,39 and higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).40–42 As many as 50% of justice-involved youth who use substances also have ADHD; rates of traumatic violence exposure are astronomically high and associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress and increased rates of problematic substance use.
Falling between two systems of care: Engaging families, behavioral health and the justice systems to increase uptake of substance use treatment in youth on probation
2020, Journal of Substance Abuse TreatmentMultiple psychosocial health problems and sexual risk among African American females in juvenile detention: A cross-sectional study
2018, Children and Youth Services ReviewCitation Excerpt :Youth involved in the juvenile justice system often have a complex array of psychosocial factors that impact their lives and their sexual health. These adolescents are often exposed to family and community traumas (Foy, Ritchie, & Conway, 2012; Odgers, Robins, & Russell, 2010), including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse (Goodkind, Ng, & Sarri, 2006; King et al., 2011; Krischer & Sevecke, 2008), as well as high rates of other psychosocial health problems, including substance use disorders (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2004; Teplin et al., 2005), and mental health disorders (Elkington et al., 2008; Fazel, Doll, & Langstrom, 2008; King et al., 2011). For instance, a nationally representative study found substance abuse or dependence to be nearly three times higher for youth who had ever been in jail or a detention center than those who had not (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2004).
Challenges to conducting adolescent HIV prevention services research with court-involved youth
2017, Children and Youth Services ReviewRelationship between psychiatric disorders and sexually transmitted diseases in a nationally representative sample
2014, Journal of Psychosomatic Research
This work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health grants R01MH54197 and R01MH59463 (Division of Services & Intervention Research and Center for Mental Health Research on AIDS), the National Institute on Drug Abuse grants R01DA22953 and R01DA019380 (AIDS Research Program), and grants 1999-JE-FX-1001 and 2005-JL-FX-0288 from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Major funding was also provided by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Center for Mental Health Services, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment), the NIH Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (National Center on Injury Prevention and Control and National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health, the NIH Office of Rare Diseases, Department of Labor, Department of Housing and Urban Development, the William T. Grant Foundation, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Additional funds were provided by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Open Society Institute, and The Chicago Community Trust. Dr. Elkington was also supported by Center grant P30 MH43520 to the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies (Anke A. Ehrhardt, Ph.D., Principal Investigator), from the National Institute of Mental Health, and National Research Service Award grant T32 MH19139, Behavioral Sciences Research in HIV Infection, Dr. Ehrhardt, Program Director. The authors thank all of the agencies for their collaborative spirit and steadfast support.
This study could not have been accomplished without the advice of Mina Dulcan, M.D., Lynda Erinoff, Ph.D., Celia Fisher, Ph.D., Jacques Normand, Ph.D., Delores Parron, Ph.D., and David Stoff, Ph.D. The authors thank all of the project staff, especially their field interviewers and their data manager, Lynda Carey, M.A. They also greatly appreciate the cooperation of everyone working in the Cook County and State of Illinois systems. Finally, they thank the participants for their time and willingness to participate.
This article is the subject of an editorial by Dr. Larry K. Brown in this issue.