Parallel adaptive evolution cultures of Escherichia coli lead to convergent growth phenotypes with different gene expression states

  1. Stephen S. Fong1,
  2. Andrew R. Joyce2, and
  3. Bernhard Ø. Palsson1,3
  1. 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, USA
  2. 2 Bioinformatics Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, USA

Abstract

Laboratory evolution can be used to address fundamental questions about adaptation to selection pressures and, ultimately, the process of evolution. In this study, we investigated the reproducibility of growth phenotypes and global gene expression states during adaptive evolution. The results from parallel, replicate adaptive evolution experiments of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 grown on either lactate or glycerol minimal media showed that (1) growth phenotypes at the endpoint of evolution are convergent and reproducible; (2) endpoints of evolution have different underlying gene expression states; and (3) the evolutionary gene expression response involves a large number of compensatory expression changes and a smaller number of adaptively beneficial expression changes common across evolution strains. Gene expression changes initially showed a large number of differentially expressed genes in response to an environmental change followed by a return of most genes to a baseline expression level, leaving a relatively small set of differentially expressed genes at the endpoint that varied between evolved populations.

Footnotes

  • [Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org.]

  • Article and publication are at http://www.genome.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gr.3832305.

  • 3 Corresponding author. E-mail palsson{at}ucsd.edu; fax (858) 822-3120.

    • Accepted July 6, 2005.
    • Received February 14, 2005.
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