RESEARCH PAPER
Association between cigarette smoking and suicide in psychiatric inpatients
 
More details
Hide details
1
Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center (TPCRC), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical Science University, Darabad, IRAN
 
2
National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical Science University, Tehran, Iran
 
3
Department of psychology, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical Science University, Tehran, IRAN
 
4
Drug Abuse Research Center, University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences, Tehran, Iran
 
 
Submission date: 2012-05-07
 
 
Acceptance date: 2013-02-01
 
 
Publication date: 2013-02-18
 
 
Corresponding author
Hessami Zahra   

Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center (TPCRC), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical Science University, Shaheed Bahonar Ave, Darabad, Tehran, IRAN
 
 
Tobacco Induced Diseases 2013;11(February):5
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Cigarette smoking is the single largest preventable cause of death and disability in the industrialized world and it causes at least 85% of lung cancers, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In addition smokers are at a higher risk from psychiatric co-morbid illness such as depression and completed suicide.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey in which we targeted all patients with serious mental illness (SMI) who were admitted in Razi mental health Hospital in Tehran, Iran. We recruited 984 participants, who were receiving services from Razi mental health Hospital and hospitalized for at least two days between 21 July to 21 September, 2010. Nine hundred and fifty patients out of this figure were able to participate in our study.

Results:
The final study sample (n = 950) consisted of 73.2% males and 26.8% females. The mean age was 45.31 (SD=13.7). A majority of participants (70%) was smoker. A history of never smoking was present for 25.2% of the study sample; while 4.8% qualified as former smokers and 70.0% as occasional or current smokers. Two hundred and nineteen participants had attempted suicide amongst them 102 (46.6%) once, 37 (16.9%) twice, and 80 (36.5%) attempted more than two times in their life time. In regression model, gender, age, and cigarette consumption were associated with previous suicide attempts and entered the model in this order as significant predictors.

Conclusions:
There is an association of cigarette smoking and suicide attempt in psychiatric inpatients. Current smoking, a simple clinical assessment, should trigger greater attention by clinicians to potential suicidality and become part of a comprehensive assessment of suicide risk.

 
REFERENCES (21)
1.
Rockville MD: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease A Report A Report of the Surgeon General Executive Summary. 2010.
 
2.
Salma K: Tobacco Control and Prevention, A guide for low income countries. 1998, Paris: IUATLD, 12-70.
 
3.
Doll R, Peto R: Mortality in relation to smoking, 20 years’ observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 1976, 2 (6051): 1525-1536. 10.1136/bmj.2.6051.1525.
 
4.
Iwasaki M, Akechi T, Uchitomi Y, Tsugane S: Cigarette smoking and completed suicide among middle-aged men, a population-based cohort study in Japan. Ann Epidemiol. 2005, 15 (4): 286-292. 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.08.011.
 
5.
Riala K, Viilo K, Hakko H, Rasanen P: STUDY-Seventy Research Group. Heavy daily smoking among under 18-year-old psychiatric inpatients is associated with increased risk for suicide attempts. Eur Psychiatry. 2007, 22 (4): 219-222. 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.06.001.
 
6.
Grant BF, Hasin DS, Chou SP, Stinson FS, Dawson DA: Nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004, 61: 1107-1115. 10.1001/archpsyc.61.11.1107.
 
7.
Ostacher MJ, Nierenberg AA, Perlis RH, et al: The relationship between smoking and suicidal behavior, comorbidity, and course of illness in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006, 67: 1907-1911. 10.4088/JCP.v67n1210.
 
8.
Oquendo MA, Galfalvy H, Russo S, et al: Prospective study of clinical predictors of suicidal acts after a major depressive episode in patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2004, 161: 1433-1441. 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.8.1433.
 
9.
Oquendo MA, Bongiovi-Garcia ME, Galfalvy H, et al: Sex differences in clinical predictors of suicidal acts after major depression: a prospective study. Am J Psychiatry. 2007, 164: 134-141. 10.1176/appi.ajp.164.1.134.
 
10.
Wilens TE, Biederman J, Adamson JJ, et al: Further evidence of an association between adolescent bipolar disorder with smoking and substance use disorders: a controlled study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008, 95: 188-198. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.12.016.
 
11.
Goldstein BI, Birmaher B, Axelson DA, et al: Significance of cigarette smoking among youths with bipolar disorder. Am J Addict. 2008, 17: 364-371. 10.1080/10550490802266151.
 
12.
Makikyro TH, Hakko HH, Timonen MJ, et al: Smoking and suicidality among adolescent psychiatric patients. J Adolesc Health. 2004, 34 (3): 250-253.
 
13.
Bromet EJ, Havenaar JM, Tintle N, Kostyuchenko S, Kotov R, Gluzman S: Suicide ideation, plans and attempts in Ukraine, findings from the Ukraine World Mental Health Survey. Psychol Med. 2007, 37 (6): 807-819. 10.1017/S0033291707009981.
 
14.
Bronisch T, Hofler M, Lieb R: Smoking predicts suicidality, Findings from a prospective community study. J Affective Disorders. 2008, 108 (1–2): 135-145.
 
15.
Roberts LW, Roberts B: Psychiatric research ethics: an overview of evolving guidelines and current ethical dilemmas in the study of mental illness. Biol Psychiatry. 1999, 46 (8): 1025-1038. 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00205-X.
 
16.
Srinivasan TN, Thara R: Smoking in schizophrenia – all is not biological. Schizophr Res. 2002, 56 (1–2): 67-74.
 
17.
Forchuk C, Norman R, Malla A, Martin ML, McLean T, Cheng S, Diaz K, McIntosh E, Rickwood A, Vos S, Gibney C: Schizophrenia and the motivation for smoking. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2002, 38 (2): 41-49.
 
18.
Weinberger AH, Reutenauer EL, Allen TM, Termine A, Vessicchio JC, Sacco KA, Easton CJ, McKee SA, George TP: Reliability of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale, and Tiffany Questionnaire for Smoking Urges in smokers with and without schizophrenia. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007, 86 (2–3): 278-282.
 
19.
Meysamie A, Ghaletaki R, Haghazali M, Asgari F, Rashidi A, Khalilzadeh O, Esteghamati A, Abbasi M: Pattern of tobacco use among the Iranian adult population: results of the national Survey of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (SuRFNCD-2007). Tob Control. 2010, 19 (2): 125-128. 10.1136/tc.2009.030759.
 
20.
Ziaaddini H, Kheradmand A, Vahabi M: Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking in Schizophrenic Patients Compared to Other Hospital Admitted Psychiatric Patients. Addiction and Health. 2009, 1 (1): 38-43.
 
21.
Cherpitel CJ, Borges GL, Wilcox HC: Acute alcohol use and suicidal behavior: a review of the literature. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004, 28: 18S-28S.
 
 
CITATIONS (11):
1.
Prevalence and Correlates of Cigarette Smoking among Chinese Schizophrenia Inpatients Receiving Antipsychotic Mono-Therapy
Yan-Min Xu, Hong-Hui Chen, Fu Li, Fang Deng, Xiao-Bo Liu, Hai-Chen Yang, Li-Guo Qi, Jin-Hong Guo, Tie-Bang Liu, Jerson Laks
PLoS ONE
 
2.
Tobacco smoking and suicidal thoughts and attempts: Relationships from a general population survey
Raymond Tempier, Eva Guérin
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
 
3.
Heavy tobacco dependence in suicide attempters making recurrent and medically serious attempts
Jorge Lopez-Castroman, Laurent Cerrato, Severine Beziat, Isabelle Jaussent, Sebastien Guillaume, Philippe Courtet
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
 
4.
Investigation of a Suicide Ideation Risk Profile in People With Co-occurring Depression and Substance Use Disorder
Tonelle E. Handley, Frances J. Kay-Lambkin, Amanda L. Baker, Terry J. Lewin, Brian J. Kelly, Kerry J. Inder, John R. Attia, David J. Kavanagh
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
 
5.
Prevalence and correlations between suicide attempt, depression, substance use, and functionality among patients with limb amputations
Pedro I. Arias Vázquez, Rosa G. Castillo Avila, Mayra del C. Dominguez Zentella, Yazmín Hernández-Díaz, Thelma B. González-Castro, Carlos A. Tovilla-Zárate, Isela E. Juárez-Rojop, María L. López-Narváez, Ana Frésan
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research
 
6.
Substance use and suicidal ideation and behaviour in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Elsie Breet, Daniel Goldstone, Jason Bantjes
BMC Public Health
 
7.
Smoking and suicidal ideation among college students: Smoking expectancies as potential moderators
Aaron Waters, MacKenzie Peltier, Melanie Roys, Shelby Stewart, Amy Copeland
Journal of American College Health
 
8.
Substance use, affective symptoms, and suicidal ideation among Russian, Somali, and Kurdish migrants in Finland
Essi Salama, Anu Castaneda, Jaana Suvisaari, Shadia Rask, Tiina Laatikainen, Solja Niemelä
Transcultural Psychiatry
 
9.
Prevalence of different comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Shahrekord PERSIAN cohort study in southwest Iran
Fatemeh Kiani, Ali Ahmadi
Scientific Reports
 
10.
Burden of obstructive lung disease study in Tehran: Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Hooman Sharifi, MohammadReza Masjedi, Habib Emami, Mostafa Ghanei, Alireza Eslaminejad, Golnar Radmand, Sonia Buist
Lung India
 
11.
Suicidal Thinking Among Patients With Spinal Conditions in South Korea: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Tak Oh, Hye Park, In-Ae Song
Psychiatry Investigation
 
eISSN:1617-9625
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top