Abstract
Electronic diaries overcome important drawbacks of retrospective reports and capture fluctuations of psychological states and behavior. This study represents the first use of this method in clinically burned-out participants and aims to establish its feasibility concerning participant acceptability, compliance, and reactivity in this sample. Electronic diary measurement of burnout symptoms was performed 5 times a day for 2 weeks in 60 burned-out participants on sick leave and in 40 healthy controls. The method was well accepted, compliance was high (81%-96%), and no reactivity effect was found on the recording of burnout symptoms. We conclude that the electronic diary employed is accurate, reliable, and a promising tool in capturing key symptoms and their fluctuations in clinical burnout.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arrindell, W. A., & Ettema, J. H. M. (2002). Symptom checklist SCL-90: Handleiding bij een multidimensionele psychopathologie-indicator [Symptom checklist SCL-90: Manual on a multidimensional psychopathology indicator]. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets Test Publishers.
Bolger, N., Davis, A., & Rafaeli, E. (2003). Diary methods: Capturing life as it is lived. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 579–616.
Bültmann, U., De Vries, M., Beurskens, A. J. H. M., Bleijenberg, G., Vercoulen, J. H., & Kant, I. (2000). Measurement of prolonged fatigue in the working population: Determination of a cutoff point for the Checklist Individual Strength. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 411–416.
Christensen, T. C., Feldman Barrett, gnL., Bliss-Moreau, E., Lebo, K., & Kashub, C. (2003). A practical guide to experience-sampling procedures. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4, 53–78.
Cruise, C. E., Broderick, J., Porter, L., Kaell, A., & Stone, A. A. (1996). Reactive effects of diary self-assessment in chronic pain patients. Pain, 67, 253–258.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (1987). Validity and reliability of the Experience Sampling Method. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175, 526–536.
Delespaul, P. A. E. G. (1995). Assessing schizophrenia in daily life: The experience sampling method. Maastricht, The Netherlands: Universitaire Pers Maastricht.
Fukuda, K., Straus, S. E., Hickie, I., Sharpe, M. C., Dobbins, J. G., Komaroff, A. L., et al. (1994). The chronic fatigue syndrome: A comprehensive approach to its definition and study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 121, 953–959.
Hoogduin, C. A. L., Knepper, S., & Csansky, H. W. (1999). Onderzoek bij psychische stoornissen voor bedrijfs-en verzekeringsartsen [Examination of psychological disorders by company and insurance doctors]. Houten, The Netherlands: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum.
Hufford, M. R., Shiffman, S., Paty, J., & Stone, A. A. (2001). Ecological Momentary Assessment: Real-world, real-time measurement of patient experience. In J. Fahrenberg & M. Myrtek (Eds.), Progress in ambulatory assessment (pp. 69–91). Kirkland, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.
Litcher-Kelly, L., Stone, A. A., Broderick, J. E., & Schwartz, J. E. (2004). Associations among pain intensity, sensory characteristics, affective qualities, and activity limitations in patients with chronic pain: A momentary, within-person perspective. The Journal of Pain, 5, 433–439.
Roelofs, J., Peters, M. L., Patijn, J., Schouten, E. G. W., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2004). Electronic diary assessment of pain-related fear, attention to pain, and pain intensity in chronic low back pain patients. Pain, 112, 335–342.
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., Hoogduin, C. A. L., Schaap, C. P. D. R., & Kladler, A. (2001). On the clinical validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Burnout Measure. Psychology and Health, 16, 565–582.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Enzmann, D. (1998). The burnout companion to study and practice: A critical analysis. London: Taylor and Francis.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Van Dierendonck, D. (2000). Utrechtse Burnout Schaal: Handleiding [Utrecht Burnout Scale: Manual]. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets Test Publishers.
Stone, A. A., Broderick, J. E., Porter, L. S., & Krupp, L. (1994). Fatigue and mood in chronic fatigue syndrome patients: Results of a momentary assessment protocol examining fatigue and mood levels and diurnal patterns. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 16, 228–234.
Stone, A. A., Broderick, J. E., Schwartz, J. E., Shiffman, S., Litcher-Kelly, L., & Calvanese, P. (2003). Intensive momentary reporting of pain with an electronic diary: Reactivity, compliance, and patient satisfaction. Pain, 104, 343–351.
Stone, A. A., & Shiffman, S. (1994). Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) in behavioral medicine. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 16, 199–202.
Stone, A. A., & Shiffman, S. (2002). Capturing momentary, self-report data: A proposal for reporting guidelines. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 236–243.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sonnenschein, M., Sorbi, M.J., van Doornen, L.J.P. et al. Feasibility of an electronic diary in clinical burnout. Int. J. Behav. Med. 13, 315–319 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm1304_6
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm1304_6