Association of Early Bilateral Middle Ear Effusion With Language at Age 5 Years
Section snippets
Subjects
The study population and methods were described previously.16, 17, 18, 19 During the period from 1984 to 1989, we recruited 698 children from 3 local newborn nurseries. Parents signed an informed consent. Exclusionary criteria included neonatal complications, craniofacial anomalies, lack of a telephone, the fact that English was not the primary language spoken in the home, or plans to move from the area in the next 5 years. Subjects with evidence of sensorineural deafness at any age were
Sample Characteristics and Attrition
Of the 698 infants enrolled at birth, 294 children were available for language assessment at age 5 years. Subjects were 56% Caucasian, 30% African American, and 14% Hispanic (English-speaking only). The mean score for SES was 37.4, which is at the mean for a random sample of the population of the United States. The mother's intelligence (Shipley) mean score of 50 (standard deviation = 10.1) is also typical of the normative sample for this instrument. There were no differences by gender or
DISCUSSION
We found a direct relationship between duration of bilateral MEE before age 3 years and children's understanding of grammar or speech sound sensitivity (CELI) and articulation (Goldman-Fristoe) at age 5 years. These results applied to all children in the sample, regardless of gender and ethnicity. These exploratory results are consistent with the findings of Abraham et al9 and Paden et al,10 although their assessments were conducted with younger children. We also found subtle associations
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Mary J. Owen, MD, and Virgil M. Howie, MD, initiated and carried out the planning, data collection, and early data analysis for this project. A more detailed version of this paper (with results for time with middle ear effusion) is available from the first author, and a more complete discussion of the statistical characteristics of the study population can be found in Johnson et al.16 This project was funded in part by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, grant HD20988.
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Cited by (19)
Impedance audiometry in infants with a cleft palate: The standard 226-Hz probe tone has no predictive value for the middle ear condition
2010, International Journal of Pediatric OtorhinolaryngologyCitation Excerpt :Cleft palates rank among the most frequent congenital malformations [1].
Early middle ear effusion and language at age seven
2008, Journal of Communication DisordersCitation Excerpt :TAAS was the major measure of sensitivity to phonological differences in the test battery, although success on some of the CELF-R items calls for phonological awareness. The results of the present follow-up study indicate that our age five language results (McCormick et al., 2001), which showed phonological and articulation problems for children who experienced more days with MEE, had faded by age seven. Our other previous studies have found significant relations between MEE and developmental measures at an early age which disappeared after 2 years.
Early Middle Ear Effusion and School Achievement at Age Seven Years
2006, Ambulatory PediatricsCitation Excerpt :Walker acknowledged the need for early home- and school-based intervention designed to prevent or ameliorate these trends. Likewise, we found language deficits at age 5 years associated with prolonged early MEE,2 but these deficits were of small magnitude and were not as apparent in children whose homes provided more cognitive stimulation. We concluded that an intervention to enrich language stimulation at home might prove effective in ameliorating some effects of prolonged early MEE.
Morphological spelling in spite of phonological deficits: Evidence from children with dyslexia and otitis media
2016, Applied PsycholinguisticsThe Impact of Tympanostomy Tubes on Speech and Language Development in Children with Cleft Palate
2017, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States)
Presented in part at the Sixth International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media, Ft. Lauderdale, Fla, June 1995; at the the Society for Research in Child Development, Washington, DC, April 1997; and at the Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, May 1997.