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BronchoscopyDistraction Therapy With Nature Sights and Sounds Reduces Pain During Flexible Bronchoscopya: A Complementary Approach to Routine Analgesia
Section snippets
Subjects
The protocol was approved by the Joint Committee on Clinical Investigation at Johns Hopkins University, and all subjects provided verbal consent for participation in the study. All consecutive adult patients (ie, those ≥ 18 years of age) who were undergoing FB in the Endoscopy Suite at Johns Hopkins Hospital were considered for inclusion in the study. Patient exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) non-English speaker; (2) the presence of encephalopathy or other significant alteration of mental
Results
During the study period, 108 patients underwent FB in the bronchoscopy unit at Johns Hopkins Hospital, of whom 4 were not eligible (altered mental status, 2 patients; non-English speaker, 1 patient; deaf, 1 patient). Of 104 eligible patients, 80 (76.9%) were enrolled into the study (intervention group, 41 patients; control group, 39 patients). Four patients refused participation, and 20 patients were not offered enrollment because the nursing staff were too busy with clinical duties (Fig 2).
Discussion
In this prospective, randomized clinical trial, we have shown that pain can be reduced during an invasive procedure through the use of a nontraditional, nonpharmacologic intervention. Exposure to nature sights and sounds before, during, and after bronchoscopy is a safe, inexpensive (approximately $249 for the reusable mural and tape) means to enhance analgesia, with none of the risks or side effects caused by medications. Contrary to what we had expected, we found no evidence that this
Acknowledgment
We offer our gratitude to the nurses of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Endoscopy Unit for helping with this study. We acknowledge the generous contribution of murals, tapes, and tape recorders by Joe August, President of Healing Environments International, Inc. Finally, we thank Charles M. Wiener, MD, Vice Chairman of Medicine, for setting the tone for this project with his commitment to biophilia.
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Cited by (0)
Johns Hopkins Medicine supported the personnel involved in the Bronchoscopy Quality Improvement Project. Supplies for the study (screens, tapes, and tape recorders) were provided by Healing Environments International.