Abstract
Hypokinesia (diminished movement) induces significant phosphate (P) excretion; however, little is known about the P deposition ability of the body during hypokinesia (HK). Using P loads, the aim of this study was to establish the deposition ability of the body to retain P during prolonged HK. Studies were done during a 30-d period of pre-HK and a 364-d period of HK. Forty male trained athletes aged 24.7 ± 8.0 yr were chosen as subjects. They were equally divided into four groups: unloaded ambulatory control subjects (UACS), unloaded hypokinetic subjects (UHKS), loaded ambulatory control subjects (LACS), and loaded hypokinetic subjects (LHKS). All hypokinetic subjects were limited to an average walking distance of 0.7 km/d. Loading tests with 85.0 mg of calcium phosphate/kg body weight were performed on the LACS and LHKS.
Fecal P loss, urinary calcium (Ca) and P loss, serum P, Ca, and the ionized calcium (CaI) levels increased significantly (p≤0.05) in the LHKS and UHKS groups when compared with the LACS and UACS groups, respectively. Serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2 D3] levels decreased significantly (p≤0.05) in the LHKS and UHKS groups when compared with the LACS and UACS groups, respectively. After the P load, significant (p≤0.05) differences were observed between LHKS and UHKS groups regarding serum, urinary, and fecal P changes. Thus, the deposition capacity of P decreased significantly (p≤0.05) more in the LHKS group than in the UHKS group. The deposition of P, fecal P, urinary P and Ca, serum CaI, P, Ca, 1,25-(OH)2 D3, and iPTH changed insignificantly (p>0.05) in control groups when compared with their baseline values.
It was shown that after the P load, significant differences were observed between the loaded and unloaded hypokinetic subjects regarding serum, urinary, and fecal P values and P retention. The oral P load intensified P loss from the body. It was concluded that the higher the P intake increased the greater P loss and the lower P deposition and thus the less likely it is for the P load to benefit hypokinetic subjects.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
I. V. Fedorov and L. A. Grishanina, Nitrogen metabolism in animals exposed to hypodynamia, Kosmicheskaya Biol. 1, 43–48 (1967).
I. V. Fedorov, V. N. Vinogradov, Yu. I. Milov, and L. A. Grishanina, Synthesis of tissue proteins in animals during hypodynamia, Kosmicheskaya Biol. 4, 18–21 (1970).
I. V. Fedorov, A. V. Chernyy, and A. I. Fedorov, Synthesis and catabolism of tissue proteins in animals during hypodynamia and resumption of muscular activity, Fiziol. Zh. SSSR 63, 1128–1133 (1977).
Y. G. Zorbas, G. E. Verentsov, and Y. F. Federenko, Renal excretion of end products of protein metabolism in urine of endurance trained subjects during restriction of muscular activity, Panminerva Med. 37, 109–114 (1995).
V. P. Krotov, Kinetics and regulation of fluid and electrolytes metabolism in animals and human beings during prolonged hypokinesia, Ph.D. thesis, “Interkosmos” Council, Academy of Sciences USSR and Directorate of Kosmic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Health USSR, Moscow (978).
Y. G. Zorbas, M. N. Ichinose, and M. B. Sakagamis, Fluid electrolyte changes in physically healthy subjects during prolonged restriction of motor activity and daily hyperhydration, Mater. Medi. Polona 25, 97–107 (1993).
Y. G. Zorbas, Y. F. Federenko, and K. A. Naexu, Phosphate loading tests influences on endurance trained volunteers during restriction of muscular activity and chronic hyperhydration, Biol. Trace Element Res. 58, 51–65 (1995).
Y. G. Zorbas, K. P. Charapakhin, V. B. Afonin, V. L. Yarullin, V. J. Kakurin, and S. D. Denogradov, Serum, urinary and fecal phosphate changes in athletes during periodic and continuous restriction of muscular activity, Nutr. Res. 48, 72–97 (1999).
Y. G. Zorbas, G. E. Verentsov, and Y. F. Federenko, Fluid-electrolyte changes in physically conditioned subjects after hypokinesia and chronic hyperhydration, Acta Astronaut. 36, 279–284 (1995).
Y. G. Zorbas, Y. F. Federenko, and Ch. N. Saito, Endogenous parathyroid hormone and renal excretion of magnesium in endurance trained volunteers during prolonged restriction of muscular activity, Magnesium Bull. 16, 104–112 (1994).
Y. G. Zorbas, A. K. Kakurin, N. K. Kuznetsov, M. A. Federov, Y. Y. Yaroshenko, and V. L. Yarullin, Magnesium loading effect on magnesium deficiency in endurance trained subjects during prolonged restriction of muscular activity, Biol. Trace Element Res. 61, 222–233 (1998).
Y. G. Zorbas, V. J. Kakurin, K. P. Charapakhin, V. L. Yarullin, S. D. Denogradov, and V. A. Deogenov, Magnesium supplements effect on magnesium deposition and deficiency in athletes during and after hypokinesia and ambulation, Magnesium Bull., in press.
Y. G. Zorbas, V. J. Kakurin, N. A. Kuznetsov, V. L. Yarullin, I. D. Andreyev, and K. P. Charapakhin, Bone mineral density in athletes during prolonged hypokinesia, hyperhydration, and ambulation, J. Physiol. Biochem., in press.
Y. G. Zorbas, Y. N. Yaroshenko, V. J. Kakurin, N. K. Kuznetsov, K. P. Charapakhin, and V. G. Andreyev, Bone histomorphometry in athletes during prolonged hypokinesia, rehydration and ambulation, Acta Astronauti., in press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zorbas, Y.G., Kakurin, V.J., Kuznetsov, N.A. et al. Phosphate deposition capacity of athletes during hypokinesia, phosphate loading, and ambulation. Biol Trace Elem Res 85, 211–226 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:85:3:211
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:85:3:211