Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Repeated-Sprint Ability — Part II

Recommendations for Training

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Sports Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Short-duration sprints, interspersed with brief recoveries, are common during most team sports. The ability to produce the best possible average sprint performance over a series of sprints (≤10 seconds), separated by short (≤60 seconds) recovery periods has been termed repeated-sprint ability (RSA). RSA is therefore an important fitness requirement of team-sport athletes, and it is important to better understand training strategies that can improve this fitness component. Surprisingly, however, there has been little research about the best training methods to improve RSA. In the absence of strong scientific evidence, two principal training theories have emerged. One is based on the concept of training specificity and maintains that the best way to train RSA is to perform repeated sprints. The second proposes that training interventions that target the main factors limiting RSA may be a more effective approach. The aim of this review (Part II) is to critically analyse training strategies to improve both RSA and the underlying factors responsible for fatigue during repeated sprints (see Part I of the preceding companion article). This review has highlighted that there is not one type of training that can be recommended to best improve RSA and all of the factors believed to be responsible for performance decrements during repeated-sprint tasks. This is not surprising, as RSA is a complex fitness component that depends on both metabolic (e.g. oxidative capacity, phosphocreatine recovery and H+ buffering) and neural factors (e.g. muscle activation and recruitment strategies) among others. While different training strategies can be used in order to improve each of these potential limiting factors, and in turn RSA, two key recommendations emerge from this review; it is important to include (i) some training to improve single-sprint performance (e.g. ‘traditional’ sprint training and strength/power training); and (ii) some high-intensity (80–90% maximal oxygen consumption) interval training to best improve the ability to recover between sprints. Further research is required to establish whether it is best to develop these qualities separately, or whether they can be developed concurrently (without interference effects). While research has identified a correlation between RSA and total sprint distance during soccer, future studies need to address whether training-induced changes in RSA also produce changes in match physical performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Table I
Fig. 3
Table II
Table III
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Spencer M, Bishop D, Dawson B, et al. Physiological and metabolic responses of repeated-sprint activities: specific to field-based team sports. Sports Med 2005; 35: 1025–44

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Girard O, Mendez-Villanueva A, Bishop D. Repeatedsprint ability — part I: factors contributing to fatigue. Sports Med 2011; 41 (8): 673–94

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Rampinini E, Bishop D, Marcora SM, et al. Validity of simple field tests as indicators of match-related physical performance in top-level professional soccer players. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28: 228–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ferrari Bravo D, Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, et al. Sprint vs. interval training in football. Int J Sports Med 2008; 29: 668–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Spencer M, Bishop D, Lawrence S. Longitudinal assessment of the effects of field-hockey training on repeated sprint ability. J Sci Med Sport 2004; 7: 323–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Perrey S, Racinais S, Saimouaa K, et al. Neural and muscular adjustments following repeated running sprints. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 109 (6): 1027–36

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Castagna C, et al. Validity of a repeated-sprint test for football. Int J Sports Med 2008; 29: 899–905

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bishop D. Game sense or game nonsense? J Sci Med Sport 2009; 12: 426–7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Buchheit M, Millet GP, Parisy A, et al. Supramaximal training and postexercise parasympathetic reactivation in adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40: 362–71

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Edge J, Bishop D, Goodman C. Effects of high- and moderate- intensity training on metabolism and repeated sprints. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37: 1975–82

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Glaister M, Stone MH, Stewart AM, et al. The influence of endurance training on multiple sprint cycling performance. J Strength Cond Res 2007; 21: 606–12

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Mohr M, Krustrup P, Nielsen JJ, et al. Effect of two different intense training regimens on skeletal muscle ion transport proteins and fatigue development. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292: R1594–602

    Google Scholar 

  13. Glaister M. Multiple sprint work: physiological responses, mechanisms of fatigue and the influence of aerobic fitness. Sports Med 2005; 35: 757–77

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Racinais S, Bishop D, Denis R, et al. Muscle deoxygenation and neural drive to the muscle during repeated sprint cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 268–74

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Mendez-Villanueva A, Hamer P, Bishop D. Fatigue responses during repeated sprints matched for initial mechanical output. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 2219–25

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Dawson B, Goodman C, Lawrence S, et al. Muscle phosphocreatine repletion following single and repeated short sprint efforts. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1997; 7: 206–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bogdanis GC, Nevill ME, Boobis LH, et al. Contribution of phosphocreatine and aerobic metabolism to energy supply during repeated sprint exercise. J Appl Physiol 1996; 80: 876–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bogdanis GC, Nevill ME, Boobis LH, et al. Recovery of power output and muscle metabolites following 30 s of maximal sprint cycling in man. J Physiol 1995; 482 (Pt2): 467–80

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Haseler LJ, Hogan MC, Richardson RS. Skeletal muscle phosphocreatine recovery in exercise-trained humans is dependent on O2 availability. J Appl Physiol 1999; 86: 2013–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Yoshida T, Watari H. 31P-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the time course of energymetabolism during exercise and recovery. Eur J Appl Physiol 1993; 66: 494–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. McCully KK, Boden BP, Tuchler M, et al. Wrist flexor muscles of elite rowers measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol 1989; 67 (3): 926–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. McCully KK, Vandenborne K, DeMeirleir K, et al. Muscle metabolism in track athletes, using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1992; 70: 1353–9

    Google Scholar 

  23. Yoshida T, Watari H. Metabolic consequences of repeated exercise in long distance runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 1993; 67: 261–5

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. McCully KK, Kakihira H, Vandenborne K, et al. Noninvasive measurements of activity-induced changes in muscle metabolism. J Biomech 1991; 21: 153–61

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bishop D, Edge J, Thomas C, et al. Effects of high-intensity training on muscle lactate transporters and postexercise recovery of muscle lactate and hydrogen ions in women. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295: R1991–8

    Google Scholar 

  26. Stathis CG, Febbraio MA, Carey MF, et al. Influence of sprint training on human skeletal muscle purine nucleotide metabolism. J Appl Physiol 1994; 76 (4): 1802–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Schneiker K, Bishop D. The effects oh high-intensity interval training vs intermittent sprint training on physiological capacities important for team sport performance. In: Burnett A, editor. Science and nutrition in exercise and sport. Melbourne (VIC): Exerc Sport Sci Aust, 2008

    Google Scholar 

  28. Crowther GJ, Carey MF, Kemper WF, et al. Control of glycolysis in contracting muscle. I: turning it on. Am J Physiol 2002; 282: E67–73

    Google Scholar 

  29. Gaitanos GC, Williams C, Boobis LH, et al. Human muscle metabolism during intermittent maximal exercise. J Appl Physiol 1993; 75 (2): 712–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sahlin K, Ren JM. Relationship of contraction capacity to metabolic changes during recovery from a fatiguing contraction. J Appl Physiol 1989; 67: 648–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mendez-Villanueva A, Hamer P, Bishop D. Fatigue in repeated- sprint exercise is related to muscle power factors and reduced neuromuscular activity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 103: 411–9

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Bishop D, Lawrence S, Spencer M. Predictors of repeatedsprint ability in elite female hockey players. J Sci Med Sport 2003; 6: 199–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Pyne DB, Saunders PU, Montgomery PG, et al. Relationships between repeated sprint testing, speed, and endurance. J Strength Cond Res 2008; 22: 1633–7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Bishop D, Schneiker KT. Different interpretation of the effect of two different intense training regimens on repeated sprint ability [letter]. Am J Physiol 2007; 293 (3): R1459

    Google Scholar 

  35. Jacobs I, Esbjornsson M, Sylven C, et al. Sprint training effects on muscle myoglobin, enzymes, fibre types, and blood lactate. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1987; 19: 368–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Parra J, Cadefau JA, Rodas G, et al. The distribution of rest periods affects performance and adaptations of energy metabolism induced by high-intensity training in human muscle. Acta Physiol Scand 2000; 169: 157–65

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Harmer AR, McKenna MJ, Sutton JR, et al. Skeletal muscle metabolic and ionic adaptations during intense exercise following sprint training in humans. J Appl Physiol 2000; 89: 1793–803

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Medbo JI, Burgers S. Effect of training on the anaerobic capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990; 22: 501–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Weber CL, Schneider DA. Increases in maximal accumulated oxygen deficit after high-intensity interval training are not gender dependent. J Appl Physiol 2002; 92: 1795–801

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Tabata I, Nishimura K, Kouzaki M, et al. Effects of moderate-intensity endurance and high-intensity intermittent training on anaerobic capacity and VO2max. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996; 28: 1327–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Costill DL, Coyle EF, Fink WF, et al. Adaptations in skeletal muscle following strength training. J Appl Physiol 1979; 46: 96–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Phillips SM, Green HJ, Tarnopolsky MA, et al. Progressive effect of endurance training on metabolic adaptations in working skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 1996; 270 (2Pt1): E265–72

    Google Scholar 

  43. Dawson B, Fitzsimons M, Green S, et al. Changes in performance, muscle metabolites, enzymes and fibre types after short sprint training. Eur J Appl Physiol 1998; 78: 163–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Rodas G, Ventura JL, Cadefau JA, et al. A short training programme for the rapid improvement of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 82: 480–6

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Barnett C, Carey M, Proietto J, et al. Muscle metabolism during sprint exercise in man: influence of sprint training. J Sci Med Sport 2004; 7: 314–22

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Linossier MT, Dormois D, Perier C, et al. Enzyme adaptations of human skeletal muscle during bicycle shortsprint training and detraining. Acta Physiol Scand 1997; 161: 439–45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. MacDougall JD, Hicks AL, MacDonald JR, et al. Muscle performance and enzymatic adaptations to sprint interval training. J Appl Physiol 1998; 84 (6): 2138–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Nevill ME, Boobis LH, Brooks ST, et al. Effect of training on muscle metabolism during treadmill sprinting. J Appl Physiol 1989; 67: 2376–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Thomas C, Sirvent P, Perrey S, et al. Relationships between maximal muscle oxidative capacity and blood lactate removal after supramaximal exercise and fatigue indexes in humans. J Appl Physiol 2004; 97: 2132–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Dupont G, Millet GP, Guinhouya C, et al. Relationship between oxygen uptake kinetics and performance in repeated running sprints. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005; 95: 27–34

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Rampinini E, Sassi A, Morelli A, et al. Repeated-sprint ability in professional and amateur soccer players. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 34: 1048–54

    Google Scholar 

  52. Buchheit M, Ufland P. Effect of endurance training on performance and muscle reoxygenation rate during repeatedsprint running. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111 (2): 293–301

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Fernandes da Silva J, Guglielmo LGA, Bishop D. Relationship between different measures of aerobic fitness and repeated-sprint ability in elite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24: 2115–21

    Google Scholar 

  54. Bishop D, Edge J, Goodman C. Muscle buffer capacity and aerobic fitness are associated with repeated-sprint ability in women. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004; 92: 540–7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Bishop D, Spencer M. Determinants of repeated-sprint ability in well-trained team-sport athletes and endurancetrained athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2004; 44: 1–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. McMahon S, Wenger HA. The relationship between aerobic fitness and both power output and subsequent recovery during maximal intermittent exercise. J Sci Med Sport 1998; 1 (4): 219–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Tomlin DL, Wenger HA. The relationship between aerobic fitness, power maintenance and oxygen consumption during intense intermittent exercise. J Sci Med Sport 2002; 5 (3): 194–203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Bishop D, Edge J. Determinants of repeated-sprint ability in females matched for single-sprint performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 97: 373–9

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. McGawley K, Bishop D. Anaerobic and aerobic contribution to two, 5 — 6-s repeated-sprint bouts [abstract]. Coach Sport Sci J 2008; 3: 52

    Google Scholar 

  60. Hoffman JR. The relationship between aerobic fitness and recovery from high-intensity exercise in infantry soldiers. Mil Med 1997; 162: 484–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Daussin FN, Zoll J, Dufour SP, et al. Effect of interval versus continuous training on cardiorespiratory and mitochondrial functions: relationship to aerobic performance improvements in sedentary subjects. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295: R264–72

    Google Scholar 

  62. MacDougall D, Sale D. Continuous vs. interval training: a review for the athlete and the coach. Can J Appl Sport Sci 1981; 6: 93–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Gorostiaga EM, Walter CB, Foster A, et al. Uniqueness of interval and continuous training at the same maintained exercise intensity. Eur J Appl Physiol 1991; 63: 101–7

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Helgerud J, Hoydal K, Wang E, et al. Aerobic highintensity intervals improve VO2max more than moderate training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 665–71

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Eversten F, Medbo JI, Bonen A. Effect of training intensity on muscle lactate transporters and lactate threshold of crosscountry skiers. Acta Physiol Scand 2001; 173: 195–205

    Google Scholar 

  66. Cunningham DA, McCrimmon D, Vlach LF. Cardiovascular response to interval and continuous training in women. Eur J Appl Physiol 1979; 41: 187–97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Eddy DO, Sparks KL, Adelizi DA. The effects of continuous and interval training in women and men. Eur J Appl Physiol 1977; 37: 83–92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Poole DC, Gaesser GA. Response of ventilatory and lactate thresholds to continuous and interval training. J Appl Physiol 1985; 58: 1115–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Edge J, Bishop D, Goodman C. The effects of training intensity on muscle buffer capacity in females. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 96: 97–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Spencer M, Dawson B, Goodman C, et al. Performance and metabolism in repeated sprint exercise: effect of recovery intensity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 103: 545–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Ratel S, Williams CA, Oliver J, et al. Effects of age and recovery duration on performance during multiple treadmill sprints. Int J Sports Med 2005; 26: 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  72. Spriet LL, Lindinger MI, Mckelvie RS, et al. Muscle glycogenolysis and H+ concentration during maximal intermittent cycling. J Appl Physiol 1989; 66 (1): 8–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Bishop D, Edge J, Davis C, et al. Induced metabolic alkalosis affects muscle metabolism and repeated-sprint ability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36: 807–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Juel C. Muscle pH regulation: role of training. Acta Physiol Scand 1998; 162: 359–66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Weston AR, Myburgh KH, Lindsay FH, et al. Skeletal muscle buffering capacity and endurance performance after high-intensity interval training by well-trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol 1997; 75: 7–13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Juel C, Klarskov C, Nielsen JJ, et al. Effect of highintensity intermittent training on lactate and H+ release from human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 286: E245–51

    Google Scholar 

  77. Thomas C, Bishop D, Moore-Morris T, et al. Effects of highintensity training onMCT1,MCT4, and NBC expressions in rat skeletal muscles: influence of chronic metabolic alkalosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293: E916–22

    Google Scholar 

  78. Edge J, Bishop D, Goodman C. Effects of chronic NaHCO3 ingestion during interval training on changes to muscle buffer capacity, metabolism, and short-term endurance performance. J Appl Physiol 2006; 101: 918–25

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Sahlin K, Harris RC, Nylind B, et al. Lactate content and pH in muscle obtained after dynamic exercise. Pflugers Archiv 1976; 367: 143–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Gibala MJ, Little JP, van Essen M, et al. Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance. J Physiol 2006; 575: 901–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Bonen A, McCullagh KJA, Putman CT, et al. Short-term training increases human muscle MCT1 and femoral venous lactate in relation to muscle lactate. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 1998; 274: E102–7

    Google Scholar 

  82. Dubouchaud H, Butterfield GE, Wolfel EE, et al. Endurance training, expression, and physiology of LDH, MCT1, and MCT4 in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000; 278: E571–9

    Google Scholar 

  83. Juel C, Holten MK, Dela F. Effects of strength training on muscle lactate release and MCT1 and MCT4 content in healthy and type 2 diabetic humans. J Physiol 2004; 556 (1): 297–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Burgomaster KA, Cermak NM, Phillips SM, et al. Divergent response of metabolite transport proteins in human skeletal muscle after sprint interval training and detraining. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292: R1970–6

    Google Scholar 

  85. Pilegaard H, Domino K, Noland T, et al. Effect of highintensity exercise training on lactate/hydrogen ion transport capacity in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 1999; 276: E255–61

    Google Scholar 

  86. Ross A, Leveritt M, Riek S. Neural influences on sprint running: training adaptations and acute responses. Sports Med 2001; 31: 409–25

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Matsuura R, Arimitsu T, Kimura T, et al. Effect of oral administration of sodium bicarbonate on surface EMG activity during repeated cycling sprints. 2007; 101: 409–17

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Billaut F, Basset FA, Giacomoni M, et al. Effect of highintensity intermittent cycling sprints on neuromuscular activity. Int J Sports Med 2006; 27: 25–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Billaut F, Basset FA, Falgairette G. Muscle coordination changes during intermittent cycling sprints. Neurosci Lett 2005; 380: 265–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Gabriel DA, Kamen G, Frost G. Neural adaptations to resistive exercise: mechanisms and recommendations for training practices. Sports Med 2006; 36: 133–49

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Mikkola J, Rusko H, Nummela A, et al. Concurrent endurance and explosive type strength training improves neuromuscular and anaerobic characteristics in young distance runners. Int J Sports Med 2007; 28: 602–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Murray DP, Brown LE, Zinder SM, et al. Effects of velocity- specific training on rate of velocity development, peak torque, and performance. J Strength Cond Res 2007; 21: 870–4

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Van Cutsem M, Duchateau J, Hainaut K. Changes in single motor unit behaviour contribute to the increase in contraction speed after dynamic training in humans. J Physiol 1998; 513 (Pt1): 295–305

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Aagaard P, Simonsen EB, Andersen JL, et al. Increased rate of force development and neural drive of human skeletal muscle following resistance training. J Appl Physiol 2002; 93: 1318–26

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Del Balso C, Cafarelli E. Adaptations in the activation of human skeletal muscle induced by short-term isometric resistance training. J Appl Physiol 2007; 103: 402–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Buchheit M, Mendez-Villaneuva A, Mendez-Villaneuva A, et al. Improving acceleration and repeated sprint ability in well-trained adolescent handball players: speed vs sprint interval training. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2010; 5: 152

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Serpiello FR, McKenna MJ, Stepto NK, et al. Performance and physiological responses to repeated-sprint exercise: a novel multiple-set approach. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111 (4): 669–78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Walklate BM, O’Brien BJ, Paton CD, et al. Supplementing regular training with short-duration sprint-agility training leads to a substantial increase in repeated sprint-agility performance with national level badminton players. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23: 1477–81

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Buchheit M, Laursen PB, Kuhnle J, et al. Game-based training in young elite handball players. Int J Sports Med 2009; 30: 251–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Hill-Haas SV, Coutts AJ, Rowsell GJ, et al. Generic versus small-sided game training in soccer. Int J Sports Med 2009; 30: 636–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Helgerud J, Engen LC, Wisloff U, et al. Aerobic endurance training improves soccer performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33 (11): 1925–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Billaut F, Bishop D. Muscle fatigue in males and females during multiple-sprint exercise. Sports Med 2008; 39: 257–78

    Google Scholar 

  103. Mohr M, Krustrup P, Nielsen JJ, et al. Reply to Bishop and Schneiker [letter]. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293: R1460

    Google Scholar 

  104. Bishop D, Edge J. The effects of a 10-day taper on repeated- sprint performance in females. J Sci Med Sport 2005; 8: 200–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Ortenblad N, Lunde PK, Levin K, et al. Enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release following intermittent sprint training. Am J Physiol 2000; 279: R152–60

    Google Scholar 

  106. Bishop D, Jenkins DG, Mackinnon LT. The relationship between plasma lactate parameters, Wpeak and 1-h cycling performance in women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30 (8): 1270–5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Ross A, Leveritt M. Long term metabolic and skeletal muscle adaptations to short-sprint training: implications for sprint training and taper. Sports Med 2001; 31 (15): 1063–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Impellizzeri FM, Marcora SM, Castagna C, et al. Physiological and performance effects of generic versus specific aerobic training in soccer players. Int J Sports Med 2006; 27 (6): 483–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Gabbett TJ. Performance changes following a field conditioning program in junior and senior rugby league players. J Strength Cond Res 2006; 20: 215–21

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Delecluse C, Van Coppenolle H, Willems E, et al. Influence of high-resistance and high-velocity training on sprint performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27: 1203–9

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Delecluse C. Influence of strength training on sprint running performance: current findings and implications for training. Sports Med 1997; 24: 147–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Newman MA, Tarpenning KM, Marino FE. Relationships between isokinetic knee strength, single-sprint performance, and repeated-sprint ability in football players. J Strength Cond Res 2004; 18: 867–72

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Edge J, Hill-Haas S, Goodman C, et al. Effects of resistance training on H+ regulation, buffer capacity, and repeated sprints. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 38: 2004–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Hill-Haas S, Bishop D, Dawson B, et al. Effects of rest interval during high-repetition resistance training on strength, aerobic fitness, and repeated-sprint ability. J Sports Sci 2007; 25 (6): 619–28

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Robinson JM, Stone MH, Johnson RL, et al. Effects of different weight training exercise/rest intervals on strength, power and high intensity exercise endurance. J Strength Cond Res 1995; 9 (4): 216–21

    Google Scholar 

  116. Coffey VG, Jemiolo B, Edge J, et al. Effect of consecutive repeated sprint and resistance exercise bouts on acute adaptive responses in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 297: R1441–51

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this review. No funding was used to assist in the preparation of this review.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), School of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia

    David Bishop

  2. ASPETAR — Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Research and Education Centre, Doha, Qatar

    Olivier Girard

  3. Physiology Unit, Sport Science Department, ASPIRE Academy for Sport Excellence, Doha, Qatar

    Alberto Mendez-Villanueva

Authors
  1. David Bishop
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Olivier Girard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alberto Mendez-Villanueva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Bishop.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bishop, D., Girard, O. & Mendez-Villanueva, A. Repeated-Sprint Ability — Part II. Sports Med 41, 741–756 (2011). https://doi.org/10.2165/11590560-000000000-00000

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/11590560-000000000-00000

Keywords

Search

Navigation