Abstract
The importance of perturbation in transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling for the onset and progression of cancer is well established. Many tumors over express TGFβ, and high circulating levels of TGFβ1 in cancer patients are frequently associated with poor prognosis. TGFβ has context-dependent biphasic action during tumorigenesis. Because of this, it is essential to take due care about the selection of patients most likely to benefit from anti-TGFβ therapy. Anti-TGFβ therapy aims to target both the tumor cell and the tumor microenvironment and may well have systemic effects of relevance to tumorigenesis. Extra-tumoral targets include stromal fibroblasts, endothelial and pericyte cells during angiogenesis, and the local and systemic immune systems, all of which can contribute to the pro-oncogenic effects of TGFβ. Many different approaches have been considered, such as interference with ligand synthesis using oligonucleotides, sequestration of extracellular ligand using naturally-occurring TGFβ binding proteins, recombinant proteins or antibodies, targeting activation of latent TGFβ at the cell surface, or signal transduction within the cell. Consideration of which patients might benefit most from anti-TGFβ therapy should include not only tumor responses to TGFβ (which depend on activation of other oncogenic pathways in the cancer cell), but also germline genetic variation between individuals. Ultimately, a deep understanding of the interacting networks of signal pathways that regulate TGFβ outcome in tumor and host cells should allow judicial choice of drugs. This review discusses the progress made in the pre-clinical and clinical testing of TGFβ inhibitors, and discusses considerations of target populations and potential drug regimens.
Keywords: TGFβ, cancer, anti-TGFβ therapy, TGFβ inhibition
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title: TGF Beta Inhibition for Cancer Therapy
Volume: 6 Issue: 7
Author(s): Elise F. Saunier and Rosemary J. Akhurst
Affiliation:
Keywords: TGFβ, cancer, anti-TGFβ therapy, TGFβ inhibition
Abstract: The importance of perturbation in transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling for the onset and progression of cancer is well established. Many tumors over express TGFβ, and high circulating levels of TGFβ1 in cancer patients are frequently associated with poor prognosis. TGFβ has context-dependent biphasic action during tumorigenesis. Because of this, it is essential to take due care about the selection of patients most likely to benefit from anti-TGFβ therapy. Anti-TGFβ therapy aims to target both the tumor cell and the tumor microenvironment and may well have systemic effects of relevance to tumorigenesis. Extra-tumoral targets include stromal fibroblasts, endothelial and pericyte cells during angiogenesis, and the local and systemic immune systems, all of which can contribute to the pro-oncogenic effects of TGFβ. Many different approaches have been considered, such as interference with ligand synthesis using oligonucleotides, sequestration of extracellular ligand using naturally-occurring TGFβ binding proteins, recombinant proteins or antibodies, targeting activation of latent TGFβ at the cell surface, or signal transduction within the cell. Consideration of which patients might benefit most from anti-TGFβ therapy should include not only tumor responses to TGFβ (which depend on activation of other oncogenic pathways in the cancer cell), but also germline genetic variation between individuals. Ultimately, a deep understanding of the interacting networks of signal pathways that regulate TGFβ outcome in tumor and host cells should allow judicial choice of drugs. This review discusses the progress made in the pre-clinical and clinical testing of TGFβ inhibitors, and discusses considerations of target populations and potential drug regimens.
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Cite this article as:
Saunier F. Elise and Akhurst J. Rosemary, TGF Beta Inhibition for Cancer Therapy, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2006; 6 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800906778742460
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800906778742460 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
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Cancer biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. They provide valuable information for cancer detection, risk assessment, treatment selection, and monitoring response to therapy. With advancements in molecular biology and high-throughput technologies, there has been an increasing interest in identifying and characterizing cancer biomarkers ...read more
Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Target Drug Resistant Tumors
With the development of disciplines such as chemical biology and molecular biology, the genes or proteins closely related to tumor occurrence and development have gradually become clear. Targeted therapies targeting these genes or proteins provide more effective methods for tumor treatment. Tumor targeted drugs generally only act on specific targets ...read more
ROLE OF IMMUNE AND GENOTOXIC RESPONSE BIOMARKERS IN TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Biological biomarkers have been used in medical research as an indicator of a normal or abnormal process inside the body, or of a disease. Nowadays, various researchers are in process to explore and investigate the biological markers for the early assessment of cancer. DNA Damage response (DDR) pathways and immune ...read more
Targeting the battlefield between host and tumor: basic research and clinical practice on reshaping tumor immune microenvironment
Immune system protects host against malignant tumors through effector cells and molecules. Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses cancer progression. Chronic inflammation facilitates cancer progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often lead to anti-cancer immune responses. ...read more
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