Primary Food Sources of Nutrients In the Diet of Canadian Adults

Publication: Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
12 February 2007

Abstract

Purpose: Food sources of nutrients in the Canadian diet were explored. Knowledge of these sources is important to public health professionals and to those in clinical practice.
Methods: Using data from the Food Habits of Canadians study, we investigated nutrient sources from detailed food groupings in a sample of 1,543 adults (971 women, 572 men) from across Canada. Subjects were interviewed by trained dietitians. At the time of the interview, a sociodemographic questionnaire and a 24-hour dietary recall were completed.
Results: The response rate was 30%. Subjects aged 18 to 34 reported eating more prepared and convenience foods than did those aged 35 to 65. Energy was contributed mainly by breads, pasta, rice, grains, and fluid milk. Protein intake was primarily derived from meat and dairy products; legumes, nuts, seeds, and eggs were not high contributors. For men aged 35 to 65 and women aged 18 to 65, butter, margarine, and oil were the primary fat sources; they were the second most common source for men aged 18 to 34. Fibre was provided by foods that are not usually considered good sources, but because of the large total consumption of these foods, they are important in Canadians’ diet. The main source of calcium was dairy products, and iron came mainly from non-heme sources.
Conclusions: We must understand the contributions of foods to nutrients, and distinguish “important” sources of nutrients (those consumed by many in substantial amounts) from “good” sources (foods rich in particular nutrients, whether eaten or not).

Résumé

Objectif: Les sources de nutriments dans l’alimentation des Canadiens ont été explorées. La connaissance de ces sources est importante pour les professionnels de la santé publique et de la pratique clinique.
Méthodes: À partir des données de l’enquête sur les habitudes alimentaires des Canadiens, nous avons examiné les sources de nutriments dans des regroupements d’aliments chez un échantillon de 1 543 adultes (971 femmes, 572 hommes) dans l’ensemble du pays. Les sujets ont été interviewés par des diététistes qualifiées. Au moment de l’entretien, les sujets remplissaient un questionnaire sociodémographique et un rappel alimentaire de 24 heures.
Résultats: Le taux de réponse s’est chiffré à 30 %. Les sujets de 18 à 34 ans ont dit consommer plus de plats cuisinés que ceux de 35 à 65 ans. L’énergie provenait surtout du pain, des pâtes, du riz, des céréales et du lait. L’apport en protéines venait principalement de la viande et des produits laitiers; les légumineuses, noix, graines et oeufs n’apportaient pas une contribution importante. Chez les hommes de 35 à 65 ans et les femmes de 18 à 65 ans, le beurre, la margarine et l’huile étaient les principales sources de matières grasses; chez les hommes de 18 à 34 ans, ces aliments étaient la deuxième source. Les fibres étaient fournies par des aliments qui ne sont pas habituellement considérés comme de bonnes sources, mais en raison de la forte consommation totale de ces aliments, ils sont importants dans l’alimentation des Canadiens. Les produits laitiers constituaient la principale source de calcium, et le fer provenait principalement de sources non hémiques.
Conclusions: Nous devons comprendre les contributions des aliments à l’apport en nutriments et faire la distinction entre les sources « importantes » de nutriments (celles qui sont consommées par de nombreuses personnes en quantités substantielles) et les « bonnes » sources (aliments riches en certains nutriments, qu’ils soient consommés ou non).

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research
Volume 67Number 1March 2006
Pages: 7 - 13

History

Version of record online: 12 February 2007

Authors

Affiliations

Louise Johnson-Down, MSc, RD
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC
Heidi Ritter, MSc, RD
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC
Linda Jacobs Starkey, PhD, RD, FDC
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC
Katherine Gray-Donald, PhD
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC

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